Chapters 1

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Chapters 1 2Exploration and Settlement Summary
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Native Americans

• Land bridge from Asia (Bering Strait)
• In North America thousands of years
• Maya, Aztec, Inca
• European interest in exploration
• Crusades
• Renaissance
• Monarchs financed voyages of discovery
• Portugal Prince Henry the Navigator (school for
  navigators)

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Spain, France, England

• When?
• Why?
• Where?
• How?

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Spain

• 3 Gs Gold, God, Glory
• Portuguese had already found routes around Africa
• Bartholomew Dias S. Africa
• Vasco da Gama S. Africa to India
• Columbus financed by Ferdinand and Isabella
• 1492 to San Salvador (Bahamas) 3 more trips
• Thought he was in the Indies
• de Soto Florida, Mississippi
• Coronado - Southwest
• Cortez Aztecs, Pizarro Incas
• Conquistadors

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Scientific Advancements

• Caravel Ship that needed little wind, could
  handle extended travel
• Astrolabe Determined LATITUDE on the globe via
  stars
• Compass Determined direction from magnetic
  North

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Columbus
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Spain

• Caribbean, Central S. America, Southern U.S.
• Catholic missions, presidios (forts), disease,
  weapons, horses harsh treatment of native
  population

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Spain

• Mestizos mix of Spanish and Indian
• Columbian Exchange goods products between
  Europe and the Americas
• St. Augustine first U.S. settlement (1565)

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France

• Believed in Northwest Passage to Asia
• Settled Northeast, Canada, Louisiana (New Orleans
  military base)
• Fur trade with Indians better relations didnt
  take their land
• Champlain (Quebec)
• Quebec established to keep out rivals

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Chapter 2.3 2.5

• Textbook information begins here

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England

• Defeat of Spanish Armada 1588
• Also believed in the N.W. Passage
• Roanoke first attempt unsuccessful
• Charter (grant of permission) from king
• Virginia Company - Joint Stock Company
  investors (profit)
• Jamestown, VA - 1607 Capt. John Smith
• Powhatan assisted colonists traded
• http//www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-
  us/videos/life-in-jamestown

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Types of Colonies

• Joint - Stock Investors/company (for profit)
• Proprietary Individual, small group
• Royal King (most became royal)

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Southern VA cont.

• Many hardships starvation disease
• John Smith made colonists work
• Pocahontas helped colonists
• House of Burgesses - First legislative body
• Represents colonial commitment to representative
  government (Parliament) and democracy
• John Rolfe Tobacco, cash crop, saved VA
• http//www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-
  us/videos/the-value-of-tobacco

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Southern - VA

• Headright System 50 free acres if you paid your
  passage attracted MANY to VA
• Bacons Rebellion western farmers against Gov.
  Berkeley
• Poor farmers wouldnt tolerate govt. catering
  only to the rich taxes reduced
• Wanted protection from Indians
• Eventually failed
• Turned more to slavery revolutionary spirit

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Southern cont.

• Maryland Lord Baltimore (proprietary)
• Refuge for Catholics
• Maryland Toleration Act religious freedom
• Many Protestants came
• Carolina split into North South Carolina -
  Proprietary
• Charleston King Charles (main southern city)

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Southern Cont.

• Georgia James Oglethorpe
• Haven for debtors, buffer zone (Spanish FL)
• Most were poor traders artisans
• No slaves, alcohol, gambling
• VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH
  CAROLINA, GEORGIA

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New England

• Separatists Pilgrims 1620 Plymouth
  (Massachusetts) William Bradford
• Mayflower (Compact) agreed to obey laws self
  government founding principle
• Puritans religious dissidents
• John Winthrop governor of Massachusetts Bay
  Colony
• Salvation through moral lives strict
• Town meetings basis of representative govt.
• Education important read Bible (Harvard 1st
  college)

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New England cont.

• Salem Witch Trials
• Did not practice religious toleration
• Dissidents Roger Williams (Rhode Island), Anne
  Hutchinson banished, RI CT more tolerant
  Baptists, Quakers, Jews
• Puritans viewed Indians as lazy savages
• Pequot War Puritans attacked and killed village
  women, kids, etc. Very brutal.
• Halfway Covenant loosened requirements for
  Church membership which was declining

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New England cont.

• King Philips War (Chief Metacom) Indians
  defeated and lost most land in New England
• Virtually destroyed Indians
• Others Connecticut, New Hampshire
• MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE ISLAND, NEW HAMPSHIRE,
  CONNECTICUT

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Middle Colonies

• Dutch New Netherlands
• Hudson River - New Amsterdam (NY)
• England took over established New York, New
  Jersey
• Delaware Sweden and Finland trade, farming
• Pennsylvania William Penn, proprietor
• Quakers tolerant, refused to bear arms,
  equality of women

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Middle cont.

• Most diverse colonies
• Economically trade, farming, etc.
• Diverse population (nationalities)
• Religious toleration
• NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE, PENNSYLVANIA

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