IMMUNE SYSTEM SPECIFIC RESPONSE

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IMMUNE SYSTEMSPECIFIC RESPONSE

• PP. 961-966

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STRUCTURES

• lymphatic system
• spleen
• lymphocytes
• 1. B-cells wbc that mature in
• bone marrow
• 2. T-cells wbc that mature in
• thymus

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RECOGNIZING PATHOGENS

• There are many different lymphocytes (wbc)
• Each have receptors for different antigens
  (markers)
• Antigen Identifies cell as foreign

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IMMUNE RESPONSE

• 2-part attack
• Cell-mediated Killer T-Cell production
• Humoral B-Cell production
• Starts with an initial response

Initial response
Humoral B-Cell production
Cell-mediated T-Cell production
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INITIAL RESPONSE

• 1. macrophage engulfs pathogen and puts antigens
  on its surface
• 2. Helper T-cell binds to antigen

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INITIAL RESPONSE

• 3. Macrophage releases a chemical (INK-1) which
  causes the Helper T-cell to release INK-2

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Initial response
INK-2
INK-2
Humoral B-Cell production
Cell-mediated T-Cell production
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CELL MEDIATED
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CELL MEDIATED

• INK 2 stimulates the production of more Helper T
  Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells
• Cytotoxic T Cell (killer T cell) kills infected
  body cells.

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CELL MEDIATED
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Initial response
Humoral B-Cell production
Cell-mediated T-Cell production
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HUMORAL
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HUMORAL

• INK-2 causes complimentary B-cells to divide
• Most B-cells change to plasma cells
• Plasma cells produce antibodies
• Y-shaped protein that deactivates pathogen and
  clumps them making it easier for macrophages to
  engulf and destroy them.

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HUMORAL

• Some B-cells become memory cells and store
  information about pathogen
• Bodys long term defense system
• When exposed to pathogen a 2nd time, memory cells
  immediately recognize and destroy it before it
  causes illness.

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PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE

• primary 1st time body encounters pathogens
• secondary 2nd time body encounters pathogen with
  memory cells (leftover B-cells and T-cells)

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Vaccines

• Immunity ability to resist an infectious disease
• Vaccination introduction of antigens into body
  to cause immunity

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Vaccines

• Vaccine solution of dead or weakened pathogens
  that contains pathogens
• Antigens produce a primary immune response
• Memory cells created provide quick secondary
  immune response if antigen enters body again.
• http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/s
  tudent_view0/chapter22/animation__the_immune_respo
  nse.html
• Some Diseases that have been controlled through
  vaccines polio, measles, mumps, tetanus, and
  small pox