COMMUNITIES AND BIOMES

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COMMUNITIES AND BIOMES

• Chapter 3

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Communities

• Ch. 3, Sec. 1

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Communities

• Communities all the interacting living
  organisms in an area all the different species
• Limiting Factor any biotic or abiotic factor
  that restricts population growth

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• Tolerance ability of an organism to withstand
  fluctuations of biotic and abiotic factors

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Succession

• Succession orderly changes species
  replacement of communities in ecosystems

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• Primary Succession colonization of barren land
  by communities of organisms
• Pioneer Species are the 1st to arrive

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• Pioneer species die and decompose adding
  nutrients back to the soil
• More organisms (insects, fungus, small plants,
  etc.) live die adding nutrients back to the
  soil
• Until eventually.
• Climax Community stable mature community that
  changes little

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• The Indiana Dunes are an example of primary
  succession

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• Secondary Succession sequence of changes after
  an existing community is destroyed/damaged a new
  community regrows

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Practice

• Compare and contrast Primary Succession and
  Secondary Succession.
• Are the starting points the same?
• Are the organisms the same?

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Biomes

• Ch. 3, Sec. 2

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Whats a Biome?

• Large group of ecosystems that share the same
  type of climax community

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Aquatic Biomes

• Approx. 75 of Earths surface is covered by
  water
• Mostly salt water

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• 1. Marine Biomes oceans, can be very shallow
  (surface of ocean) or very deep (bottom of ocean)
• Photic Zone portion of marine biome that is
  shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate
• Aphotic Zone deep water that never receives
  sunlight

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• 2. Estuaries mixture of freshwater ocean
  water where rivers meet the ocean

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• 3. Intertidal Zone portion of shoreline
  between high and low tide

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• 4. Freshwater Biomes lakes, ponds, rivers

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Terrestrial Biomes
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• Rainfall varies from biome to biome, resulting in
  different adaptations in species

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• 1. Tundra cold temperatures, short growing
  season
• Permafrost a layer of permanently frozen soil,
  prevents plants from growing deep roots

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• 2. Taiga cold, conifers (trees that produce
  cones)

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• 3. Desert less than 25cm of annual rainfall
• Adaptations for living in the desert
• Plants spine, waxy coating, toxins
• Animals nocturnal activity, venom, require less
  water

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• 4. Grassland rich soil, trees usually by
  bodies of water, lots of grazing animals

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• 5. Temperate Forests trees lose their leaves
  each year

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• 6. Rain Forests high biodiversity, found in
  tropical temperate (moderate climate) areas

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Practice

• How are organisms in the photic zone and aphotic
  zone interdependent?
• (Hint Think about what grows in the photic zone,
  what supports the base of ecological pyramids?
  What happens if a population of one species grows
  out of control?)