Freshwater Biomes

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Freshwater Biomes

• Chapter 10

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10.1 Aquatic Biomes

• Objectives
• Describe the factors that characterize the
  various types of aquatic biomes.
• Drinking Cooking Bathing Transportation
  
• Electrical Energy Cooling

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Freshwater Video
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Aquatic Habitats

• Ones in which the organisms live in or on the
  water.
• Aquatic Biome Characteristics
• Salinity
• Depth
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Flow Rate

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Salinity

• The amount of dissolved salts in a sample of
  water.
• Salt water 30 ppt
• Fresh water 0.5 ppt
• Brackish water in between
• Salt Lake (hypersaline) 40 ppt

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Depth

• Depth relates to the amount of sunlight
• Sunlight determines the amounts and types of
  plants
• Since plants provide the food for animals, depth
  determines the amount and types of animals

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Depth Zones

• Photic Zone
• The top layer of water that receives enough
  sunlight for photosynthesis
• Aphotic Zone
• Sunlight never reaches
• Very deep lakes and the oceans
• Benthic Zone
• The floor of a body of water
• May have plants and animals depending on depth

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Quick Quiz 10.1QQ

• Sunlight
• Depth
• Benthic
• Flow Rate
• Aphotic
• Salinity
• Transportation
• Photic
• Salt water
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Brackish

• Settlers used rivers for
• Aquatic Biome Characteristics
• Aquatic Biome Characteristics
• Aquatic Biome Characteristics
• Aquatic Biome Characteristics
• 15 ppt salt
• Reduces with depth
• A depth zone
• A depth zone
• A depth zone

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10.2 Standing-Water Ecosystems

• Objectives
• Identify the characteristics of different types
  of standing-water ecosystems
• Explain the value of wetlands and the reason for
  their decline

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Standing Water Organisms

• Several levels of habitat
• Top level supports the plankton community
• Microorganisms that float on surface of water
• Bottom of aquatic food web

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Standing Water Organisms

• Two types of plankton
• Phytoplankton
• Carries out photosynthesis
• The main producers in aquatic biomes
• Zooplankton
• Do not carry out photosynthesis
• Consumers of phytoplankton

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Lake

• Question
• Which is it?
• Lake
• Pond
• Swamp
• Bog

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Pond

• Question
• Which is it?
• Lake
• Pond
• Swamp
• Bog

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Lakes Ponds Video
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Wetlands

• Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are
  submerged under water at least part of the year
• Marshes
• Swamps
• Bogs
• Soil is soaked in water
• Very low in dissolved oxygen

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Wetlands continued

• Very important
• Act as filters, detoxifying chemicals in the
  water
• Breeding, feeding resting grounds for waterfowl
• Flood protection
• Refilling of aquifers

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Marsh

• Question
• Which is it?
• Swamp
• Marsh
• Mangrove
• Bog

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Marsh Video
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Swamp

• Question
• Which is it?
• Swamp
• Marsh
• Mangrove
• Bog

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Swamp Video
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Mangrove Swamp

• Question
• Which is it?
• Swamp
• Marsh
• Mangrove
• Bog

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Mangrove Video
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The Bog

• Question
• Which is it?
• Swamp
• Marsh
• Mangrove
• Bog

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Bog Video
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Wetlands vs Humans

• Being destroyed at an alarming rate
• Not as attractive as other natural habitats
• Breeding grounds for mosquitoes
• Unpleasant odor swamp gas methane
• Valuable land for development
• Used as landfills

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Florida Everglades

• Much was drained to create farmland.
• The natural cycle was destroyed and populations
  of many organisms was greatly reduced
• Some land has been returned to wetlands and the
  water flow has been adjusted
• Still an endangered habitat but now there is hope

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Quick Quiz t/f 10.2QQ

1. The bottom of the aquatic food web is plankton.
2. Zooplankton carries out photosynthesis.
3. Phytoplankton is a consumer.
4. Marshes, swamps bogs are wetlands.
5. Wetlands are important because they protect from
   floods.
6. Roots of wetland plants are submerged under water
   at least part of the year
7. Wetlands should be destroyed because they breed
   mosquitoes and they smell.
8. The Everglades are expanding and threatening the
   take over of Florida.
9. Draining the Everglades is an important step
   towards solving the alligator problem.
10. Swamps have lots of trees but marshes typically
    do not.

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10.3 Flowing Water Ecosystems

• Objective
• Describe how abiotic factors of gravity, erosion,
  and sedimentation affect stream ecosystems
• Scientists call all aboveground bodies of
  flowing freshwater streams

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Stream Organisms

• Adapt to the waters movement
• Plants have roots that keep them in place
• Some organisms burrow into sandy bottoms
• Some have hooks to grab hold of plants
• Some have suckers to anchor to rocks
• Some have ability to swim upstream
• Seek calm pools at sides of streams

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Stream Flow

• Often begin from runoff from melting snow
• Flow downhill
• Flow towards the oceans
• At source (head) flow is too fast for most
  organisms

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Stream Video
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Stream Flow continued

• As stream slows, small particles settle to bottom
  called sediments.
• Sediments provide a place for plants to grow
• Phytoplankton multiply
• Enough food to support consumers

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The Course of a Stream

• Sedimentation and erosion cause the course to
  change
• Results in a winding or meandering of the stream

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Human Activity

• Streams changed dramatically by human activity
• Dams and reservoirs
• Stream beds become lake bottoms
• Levees and dikes for flood control
• Dredging for shipping
• Changing the course of a stream damages or
  destroys the delicate habitats of many organisms

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The End
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Quick Quiz QQ10.3

• Abiotic factors of gravity, e_____, and s_____
  affect stream ecosystems
• Scientists call all aboveground bodies of flowing
  freshwater ______
• Adaptations to the waters movement include h___
  s____.
• Stream flow often begins from runoff from m___
  s___.
• Streams flow d_____ towards the o_____.
• At source (head) flow is too fast for most
  o______.
• As stream slows, small particles settle to bottom
  called s______ providing a place for p______ to
  grow
• Meandering is caused by s_____ and e______.
• Streams are often damaged by _______ activity.