Matter

1
Matter

• Preview
• Understanding Concepts
• Reading Skills
• Interpreting Graphics

2
Understanding Concepts

• Which of the following is an example of a
  chemical change?
• A. gasoline evaporating
• B. sugar dissolving in water
• C. a metal surface rusting
• D. a mixture separating into its components

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Understanding Concepts, continued

• Which of the following is an example of a
  chemical change?
• A. gasoline evaporating
• B. sugar dissolving in water
• C. a metal surface rusting
• D. a mixture separating into its components

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Understanding Concepts, continued

• Which of the following terms most accurately
  describes carbon dioxide?
• F. element
• G. compound
• H. mixture
• I. solution

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Understanding Concepts, continued

• Which of the following terms most accurately
  describes carbon dioxide?
• F. element
• G. compound
• H. mixture
• I. solution

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Understanding Concepts, continued

• An experiment shows that the element mercury has
  a density of 13.57 g/cm3. What is the volume of
  1.000 kg of pure mercury?
• A. 0.7369 cm3
• B. 13.57 cm3
• C. 73.69 cm3
• D. 1,357 cm3

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Understanding Concepts, continued

• An experiment shows that the element mercury has
  a density of 13.57 g/cm3. What is the volume of
  1.000 kg of pure mercury?
• A. 0.7369 cm3
• B. 13.57 cm3
• C. 73.69 cm3
• D. 1,357 cm3

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Understanding Concepts, continued

• 4. At 4 C, the volume of 15 g of water was 15
  cm3. At 20 C, the volume of the same 15 g of
  water was 15.03 cm3. What effect did the increase
  in temperature have on the waters density?

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Understanding Concepts, continued

• At 4 C, the volume of 15 g of water was 15 cm3.
  At 20 C, the volume of the same 15 g of water
  was 15.03 cm3. What effect did the increase in
  temperature have on the waters density?
• Answer The density decreased.

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Understanding Concepts, continued

• 5. If the density of water changes because the
  temperature of the water changes, is this change
  a physical change or a chemical change?

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Understanding Concepts, continued

• If the density of water changes because the
  temperature of the water changes, is this change
  a physical change or a chemical change?
• Answer The change in density is a physical
  change.

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Understanding Concepts, continued

• Study the graph below. Which has a greater
  density water or gasoline?

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Understanding Concepts, continued

• Study the graph below. Which has a greater
  density water or gasoline?
• Answer Water has a greater density than gasoline.

14
Reading Skills

• METAL ALLOYS
• When a metallic element is combined with one or
  more other elements and the resulting combination
  has metallic properties, that combination is
  known as an alloy. Metals are most often alloyed
  with other metals, but other elements and
  compounds can also be included in an alloy to
  give it particular properties. For example,
  blending small amounts of manganese and carbon
  with iron creates a substance known as carbon
  steel. Carbon steel is harder and more corrosion
  resistant than pure iron.
• Some alloys are compounds. One example is
  cementite, Fe3C. Other alloys, such as bronze and
  brass, are solutions of two or more metals
  dissolved in one another. Alloys that are
  mixtures of several compounds may not have a
  single melting point. Instead, they may have a
  melting range, in which the material is a
  combination of a solid and a liquid.

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Reading Skills, continued

• 7. Which of the following is an alloy?
• F. iron
• G. carbon
• H. bronze
• I. manganese

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Reading Skills, continued

• 7. Which of the following is an alloy?
• F. iron
• G. carbon
• H. bronze
• I. manganese

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Reading Skills, continued

• 8. An alloy of aluminum is observed to have a
  melting range instead of a single melting point.
  What can be concluded from this observation?
• A. The alloy is a compound.
• B. The alloy is probably a mixture of different
  compounds.
• C. The other components in the alloy have higher
  melting points.
• D. Each individual molecule of the aluminum
  alloy has all of the properties of the alloy.

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Reading Skills, continued

• 8. An alloy of aluminum is observed to have a
  melting range instead of a single melting point.
  What can be concluded from this observation?
• A. The alloy is a compound.
• B. The alloy is probably a mixture of different
  compounds.
• C. The other components in the alloy have higher
  melting points.
• D. Each individual molecule of the aluminum
  alloy has all of the properties of the alloy.

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Interpreting Graphics

• The tables below give the chemical formulas for
  some common substances. Use the tables to answer
  questions 911.

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Interpreting Graphics, continued

• 9. Which of the following substances is
  classified as a compound?
• F. water
• G. ozone
• H. hydrogen gas
• I. solid sulfur

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Interpreting Graphics, continued

• 9. Which of the following substances is
  classified as a compound?
• F. water
• G. ozone
• H. hydrogen gas
• I. solid sulfur

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Interpreting Graphics, continued

• 10. A mixture contains 100 molecules of table
  salt, 30 molecules of baking soda, 20 molecules
  of ethanol, and 10 molecules of water. Atoms from
  which of the following elements make up most of
  the mixture?
• A. sodium, Na C. hydrogen, H
• B. oxygen, O D. carbon, C

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Interpreting Graphics, continued

• 10. A mixture contains 100 molecules of table
  salt, 30 molecules of baking soda, 20 molecules
  of ethanol, and 10 molecules of water. Atoms from
  which of the following elements make up most of
  the mixture?
• A. sodium, Na C. hydrogen, H
• B. oxygen, O D. carbon, C

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Interpreting Graphics, continued

• 11. A scientist discovers a way to easily combine
  molecules of ozone and molecules of hydrogen gas
  to make molecules of water. To create 300
  molecules of water, how many molecules of ozone
  and how many molecules of hydrogen gas would the
  scientist need?

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Interpreting Graphics, continued

• 11. A scientist discovers a way to easily combine
  molecules of ozone and molecules of hydrogen gas
  to make molecules of water. To create 300
  molecules of water, how many molecules of ozone
  and how many molecules of hydrogen gas would the
  scientist need?
• Answer 100 molecules of ozone and 300 molecules
  of hydrogen gas

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Interpreting Graphics, continued

• A geologist who is studying rocks found on an
  expedition places a 25 g graduated cylinder on a
  scale and adds 100 cm3 of water to the cylinder.
  Then, the geologist places the rocks in the
  cylinder one at a time, as shown below. Use the
  graphic to answer questions 12 and 13.

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Interpreting Graphics, continued

• 12. Which rock or rocks have the greatest
  density?

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Interpreting Graphics, continued

• 12. Which rock or rocks have the greatest
  density?
• Answer Rock B

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Interpreting Graphics, continued

• 13. Which rock or rocks will float to the surface
  of the water in the cylinder? Why?

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Interpreting Graphics, continued

• 13. Which rock or rocks will float to the surface
  of the water in the cylinder? Why?
• Answer Rock C, because its density is less than
  waters.