Matter

1
Matter Properties and Changes

• Chapter 3

2
3.1 Properties of Matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
  space (mass is the amount of matter the object
  contains).
• Whats the difference between mass and weight?
• Substances are matter that have uniform and
  unchanging composition.
• What is an example of a substance?

3
States of Matter

• What are the three states of matter?
• Solid Form of matter that has its own definite
  shape and volume.
• definite shape and volume, incompressible
• Liquid Form of matter that flows, has constant
  volume, and takes the shape of its container.
• indefinite shape, definite volume, incompressible
• Gas Form of matter that not only flows to
  conform to the shape of its container but also
  fills the entire volume of its container.
• indefinite shape and volume, compressible
• What is the difference between a gas and vapor?
• Vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance
  that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature.

4
Physical Properties of Matter

• A physical property is a characteristic that can
  be observed or measured without changing the
  substances composition.
• Extensive dependent on the amount of substance
  present. (such as mass)
• Intensive independent of the amount of
  substance present. (such as density)
• Name more examples of physical properties.

5
Chemical Properties of Matter

• A chemical property has the ability or inability
  to combine with or change a substance into one or
  more other substances.
• What is an example of a chemical property?

6
3.2 Changes in Matter

• What are the two types of changes matter can
  undergo?
• Physical Change alters a substance without
  changing its composition.
• Phase Change Transition of matter from one
  state to another.
• Water Cycle boil, freeze, condense, vaporize,
  melt
• Chemical Change process that involves one or
  more substances changing into new substances.
• What are some examples of evidence of a chemical
  change?

7
Conservation of Mass

• The law of conservation of mass states that in
  any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is
  neither created nor destroyed it is conserved.
• Massreactants Massproducts

8
3.3 Mixtures of Matter

• A mixture is a physical blend of two or more
  substances in which each substance retains its
  individual chemical properties.
• What is the difference between heterogenous and
  homogenous mixtures?
• Heterogeneous mixture mixture that does not
  blend smoothly throughout and in which the
  individual substances remain distinct.
• Homogenous mixture mixture that has constant
  composition throughout it always has a single
  phase.
• How many phases does a solution have?
• Solutions homogeneous mixtures

9
Separating Mixtures

• What are six methods of separating mixtures?
• Filtration
• Technique that uses a porous barrier to separate
  a solid from a liquid.
• Distillation
• Physical separation technique that is based on
  differences in the boiling points of the
  substances involved.
• Crystallization
• Separation technique that results in the
  formation of pure solid particles of a substance
  from a solution containing the dissolved
  substance.

10
Separating Mixtures

• Sublimation
• Process during which a solid changes to vapor
  without melting.
• Chromatography
• Technique that separates the components of a
  mixture dissolved in either a gas or a liquid
  based on the ability of each component to travel
  or to be drawn across the surface of a fixed
  substrate.
• Magnets
• Technique that separates the components of a
  mixture based on the magnetic properties of the
  components.
• How would you separate a mixture of sand, salt,
  iron filings, and water?

11
3.4 - Elements and Compounds

• Elements are pure substances that cannot be
  separated into simpler substances by physical or
  chemical means.
• The periodic table organizes the elements into a
  grid of horizontal rows (periods) and vertical
  columns (groups or families).
• Compounds are substances made up of two or more
  different elements that are combined chemically.
• What are chemical means of separating compounds?

12
Law of Definite Proportions

• masses of the same elements are always in the
  same proportions in any chemical compound
• some compounds contain the same elements but have
  different physical/chemical properties
• Sucrose 42.2 Carbon, 6.5 Hydrogen, 51.3
  Oxygen
• by mass Mass of element x 100
• Mass of compound

13
Law of Multiple Proportions

• When different compounds are formed by a
  combination of the same elements, different
  masses of one element combine with the same fixed
  mass of the other element in a ratio of small
  whole numbers.
• compares two different compounds containing the
  same elements
• Water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)