Matter

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Matter
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Everything that has mass and volume is called
matter.
What is matter?
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The Nature of Matter
Gold
Mercury

• Chemists are interested in the nature of matter
  and how this is related to its atoms and
  molecules.

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STATES OF MATTER

• _______ have rigid shape, fixed volume.
  External shape can reflect the atomic and
  molecular arrangement.
• Reasonably well understood.
• _______ have no fixed shape and may not fill a
  container completely.
• Not well understood.
• _______ expand to fill their container.
• Good theoretical understanding.

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Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes
no
Can it be physically separated?
Homogeneous Mixture (solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
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Types of Mixtures

• Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances.

Heterogeneous visibly separate phases
Homogeneous Same throughout
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C
A
D
B
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Homework Pages 9 and 10
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Page 10 11Homework 13 14
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Kinetic Nature of Matter

• Matter consists of atoms and molecules in _____.

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Physical Properties

• What are some physical properties?
• color
• melting and boiling point
• odor

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• Graphite layer structure of carbon atoms
  reflects physical properties.

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Physical Changes

• can be observed without changing the identity of
  the substance
• Some physical changes would be
• boiling of a liquid
• melting of a solid
• dissolving a solid in a liquid to give a
  homogeneous mixture a SOLUTION.

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Chemical Properties and Chemical Change

• Burning hydrogen (H2) in oxygen (O2) gives H2O.

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Chemical Properties and Chemical Change

• Burning hydrogen (H2) in oxygen (O2) gives H2O.

• Chemical change or chemical reaction
  transformation of one or more atoms or molecules
  into one or more different molecules.

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Sure Signs of a Chemical Change

• Heat
• Light
• Gas Produced (not from boiling!)
• Precipitate a solid formed by mixing two
  liquids together

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Physical vs. Chemical

• physical
• chemical
• physical
• physical
• chemical

• Examples
• melting point
• flammable
• density
• magnetic
• tarnishes in air

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Physical vs. Chemical

• Examples
• rusting iron
• dissolving in water
• burning a log
• melting ice
• grinding spices

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• Page 15
• Homework page 16

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• How do we separate a mixture?

• Differences in properties such as
• density
• particle size
• molecular polarity
• boiling point and freezing point
• Solubility
• These differences permit physical separation

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Three Methods

• Filtration
• Distillation
• Chromatography

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Separation techniques

• Filtration
• Separates by Solubility
• Examples
• Sand and Water
• Precipitate and Solvent
• Coffee, (AKA-Lifes Blood)
• Purpose
• Separate Solids from Liquids

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Separation techniques

• Distillation
• Boiling Point
• Examples
• Petroleum Products
• Gasoline
• Propane
• Liquors
• Purpose
• Separates Liquids

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Separation techniques

• Chromatography
• Density and Polarity
• Examples
• DNA
• Pigments
• Purpose
• Separates Dissolved Substances

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