Facts Cited in DVD

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Facts Cited in DVDComputers
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Computing Speed

• Current personal computers can do 100 million
  calculations per second.
• The most powerful computer, like ASCI White, can
  reach 12 trillion calculations per second.

3
Mechanical Computers

• Charles Babbage designed the first mechanical
  computer, which was composed of gears and shafts,
  in early 1800s to compute the chart of logarithm.
• Herman Hollerith built a machine to process
  punch cards of the population census in 1890.
  Hollerith later founded IBM.

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Early Electronic Computers (1)

• Collossus Built by Allan Turing in British in
  WWII, which was specially for breaking the code
  of German army.
• ENIAC Built by John Mauchly and J. Presper
  Eckert in University of Pennsylvania in 1945,
  three months after WWII, for calculating
  artillery-firing tables.

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Early Electronic Computers (2)

• ENIAC Electronic and Numeric Integrator And
  Computer.
• ENIAC
• 100 foot long, 30 tons,
• 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors,
• 6,000 switches, 18,000 vacuum tubes,
• 500,000.

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Fundamental Idea of Modern Computers

• John van Neuman initiated the logic map of
  architecture of modern computer
• Processor
• Internal memory storing commands and data
• Input and output devices.

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First Commercial Computer

• UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) Built by
  Eckert and Mauchly, which was used to analyzed
  the polls and successfully predicted the victory
  of Eisenhower in the presidential election in
  1952.

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Efforts of Miniaturizationand Personalization (1)

• Computers were elites machines before personal
  computers.
• Three in Bell Lab invented transistor, 1947.
• Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby independently
  invented integrated circuits, 1959.
• In 1969, computers with integrated circuits made
  it possible for human (Neil Armstrong) landing on
  the moon.

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Efforts of Miniaturizationand Personalization (2)

• Ted Hoff of Intel made the first microprocessor
  in 1969.
• Doug Englebart in 1968 put forward the idea of
  mouse, hypertext, and graphic interface on a
  conference in San Francisco.
• Xeroxs Alto computer in 1973 was the first
  computer using a mouse, with a graphic interface.
  Price 18,000.

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Efforts of Miniaturizationand Personalization (3)

• Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak made their Apple I
  in 1975.
• Their Apple II was put into market in 1977, which
  has 4,000 kilo-bytes memory and priced at 1,200.
• IBM PC came to market in 1981.

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Efforts of Miniaturizationand Personalization (4)

• Macintosh came to market in 1984, which has a
  user-friendly operating system of graphic
  interface.
• Operating system MS DOS went with each IBM PC and
  its compatibles in 1980s and early 1990.
• Internet went popular in 1990s. Internet vs.
  personal computers resemble streets vs. cars.

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Miscellaneous Facts

• A chip contains up to 100 million transistors.
• 700 million computers were sold in 1999.
• Computer Deep Blue beat the world chess champion
  Garry Kasparov in 1990s.

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Non-Electronic Computers in Future

• Molecular computer
• DNA computer
• Biological computer

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The Computer Era

• Computing speed has increased 100 million times
  in the past 50 years.
• It is expected to increase 100 million times in
  the coming 50 years.
• The age of computer is still at its beginning.
• We are still in the dark age.