Ionic Bonding

1
Ionic Bonding
Illustrating the bonding of Sodium and Chlorine

-
Na
Cl
2
Sodium(Na)
Sodium is soft and very reactive metal It has
only 1 electron in its outside shell
11P 12N
Sodium Na 2,8,1
3
Chlorine (Cl)
Chlorine is a highly poisonous green gas. It has
7 electrons in the outside shell and is not
stable.
18P 17N
Chlorine 2,8,7
4
Neither sodium nor chlorine are stable, since
both have less than 8 electrons in their outside
shell. However this can easily be achieved by
combining Na and Cl together.
Watch how!

11P 12N

17P 18N
Na
Cl
5
Na is giving away its 1 electron which it has in
its outside shell.

11P 12N

17P 18N
Cl
Na
6
Cl is accepting the electron from Na

11P 12N

17P 18N
Na
Cl
7
Both Na and Cl now have 8 electrons in their
outside shell and a new compound NaCl has been
formed


11P 12N

17P 18N
Cl- 2,8,8
Na 2,8
8
Both Na and Cl now have 8 electrons in their
outside shell and a new compound NaCl has been
formed



11P 12N

17P 18N
Strong forces of attraction exist between Na and
Cl- and hold the bond together
Cl- 2,8,8
Na 2,8
9
Satisfying the Octet Rule..
The Octet Rule

• The Octet rule is simply a rule which helps us to
  understand bonding

• Atoms bond together so that each atom attains an
  electron arrangement of 8 electrons in its
  outermost shell.

10
To satisfy the Octet Rule, atoms tend to gain,
lose or share electrons

• Na lost 1 electron
• Na changed from electron configuration of 2,8,1
  to 2,8
• Na changed from a neutral Na atom to a positively
  charged Na ion (Na)

• Cl gained 1 electron
• Cl changed from electron configuration of 2,8,7
  to 2,8,8
• Cl changed from a neutral Cl atom to a negatively
  charged Cl ion (Cl-)

11
Difference between the sodium and the sodium ion

• The sodium atom
• 11 Protons (11)
• 12 neutrons
• 11 electrons (11-)

• The sodiumion
• 11 Protons(11)
• 12 neutrons
• 10 electrons (10-)

The sodium ion Na has an extra one charge Na
The sodium atom Na has an equal number of and -
charges
An ion is a charged atom
12
Chlorine and the chloride ion

• The chlorine atom
• 17 Protons (17)
• 18 neutrons
• 17 electrons (17-)

• The chloride ion
• 17 Protons(17)
• 18 neutrons
• 18 electrons (18-)

The chloride ion Cl has an extra one - charge
Cl-
The chlorine atom Cl has an equal number of and
- charges
An ion is a charged atom