CARBOHYDRATES

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CARBOHYDRATES

• Hydrated Carbon

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CARBOHYDRATES

• contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen usually in
  ratio of
• 2 H 1 O
• large chains and rings of carbon with different
  molecules
• 2-3 of total body weight

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Carbohydrates

• are sugars or starches
• provide most of the energy used by cells
• If not immediately needed for ATP synthesis, they
  are converted into glycogen or fat

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Monosaccharides

• simple sugar
• Single chain or single ring (3-7 carbons)
• Building blocks (monomers) of carbohydrates

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Examples

• Glucose universal cellular fuel
• Fructose, Galactose converted to glucose for use
  by cells
• Ribose, Deoxyribose make up DNA, RNA

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Disaccharides

• Double sugar
• Examples
• Maltose malt sugar (glucose glucose)
• Sucrose cane sugar (glucose fructose)
• Lactose milk (glucose galactose)

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DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

• Removal of water to join two building blocks
• Forms dimers, polymers

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Glucose Fructose             Sucrose H2O
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HYDROLYSIS

• Large molecules cant pass thru membrane
• Must be broken down to monomer units to be
  absorbed into blood
• Water is ADDED to bonds, breaking them into
  smaller pieces

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Glucose Fructose                  Sucrose
H2O
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Polysaccharides

• Many sugars long branching chains of linked
  simple sugars
• Ideal for storage
• Lack sweetness of mono disaccharides

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Important Polysaccharides

• Glycogen storage in animals
• Linked glucose units
• Muscles, liver
• Starch (cellulose) storage for plants
• Linked glucose units
• Potatoes, carrots, etc.