Intro%20to%20Organic%20Molecules

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• Intro to Organic Molecules
• Lipids

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Life is based on Carbon

• Carbon atoms are versatile
• building blocks
• Special bonding properties
• Has 4 valence electrons so it can form
• 4 stable covalent bonds with other carbon
  atoms or atoms of other elements
• Bonds with CHNOPS the elements that make up
  living things Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen,
  Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

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Lipids

• Lipids are organic molecules essential for life
  that are composed mostly of C, H, O
• 4 types of lipids
• fats (triglycerides)
• phospholipids
• steroids
• waxes

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Triglycerides

• Fat molecules
• Structure 3 fatty acids chains linked to
  glycerol
• Functions long term energy storage and
  insulation for animals
• Can be saturated or unsaturated

3 fatty acids
Glycerol
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Saturated fats

• All C bonded to H
• No CC double bonds
• long, straight chain
• most animal fats and butter
• solid at room temperature
• contributes to cardiovascular disease

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Unsaturated fats

• At least one CC double bond in the fatty acids
• plant fish fats
• vegetable oils
• liquid at room temperature

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Saturated vs. unsaturated
saturated
unsaturated
?
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Phospholipids

• Structure 2 fatty acids chains phosphate head
• Fatty acid chains non-polar hydrophobic
  water fearing
• Phosphate head polar hydrophillic water
  loving
• Function make up cell membranes
• (phospholipid bilayer)

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Steroids

• Structure 4 fused Carbon rings
• examples
• cholesterol Function control the fluidity of
  the cell membrane
• hormones Function regulate processes in the
  body (such as pregnancy)
• vitamins (A, B, D) Function supports
  metabolism and cell processes

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Waxes

• Solid at room temp
• Insoluble in water
• Function
• Protective covering for
• animals and plants
• Examples
• Beeswax
• Earwax
• Cuticle of leaf (keeps water in)

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What is the function of a triglyceride?

1. Stores and transfers genetic information
2. Long term energy storage
3. Control the rate of reactions
4. Help to fight disease

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Which type of lipid makes up the majority of the
cell membrane?

1. phospholipids
2. waxes
3. steroids
4. triglycerides

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Fats that have at least one double bond between
Carbon atoms are called

1. Unsaturated
2. Saturated
3. Glycerol
4. Fatty Acids

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Phospholipids have a

1. hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail
2. hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

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Which of the following is an example of a steroid

1. Fatty acids
2. Sex hormones
3. Phospholipids
4. Olive Oil