Baroque Music 1600-1760

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Baroque Music 1600-1760

• Centered in Germany
• Elaborate, complex techniques
• Many cantatas, concertos oratorios and some
  operas
• Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
• (Mass in B Minor, St. Matthews Passion)
• George Frederick Handel (1685-1759)
• (Famous for his oratorio the Messiah)

2
Classical Music (1730-1820)

• Shift to Austria
• Greater use of orchestras and operas
• Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Master of the
  symphony
• 104 symphonies
• Two oratorios The Creation and the Seasons

3
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

• Child prodigy who lived to compose numerous
  operas, concertos, and symphonies
• Operas such as the Marriage of Figaro, Don
  Giovanni, and the Magic Flute

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Development of the Novel

• Decisive time in the development of the novel
• Samuel Richardson
• Pamela or, Virtue Rewarded (1740)
• Henry Fielding
• The History of Tom Jones (1749)
• Daniel Defoe
• Robinson Crusoe (1719)

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Enlightenment History

• 1. Removed God even more than the humanists did
• 2. Focused on other components besides politics
• 3. Note Voltaires The Age of Louis XIV
• 4. Viewed history as a way to civilize their
  society. Criticized religious influences--note
  Gibbons Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
  First modern historian.

6
The High Culture of the Eighteenth Century

• Whats the difference between high and low?
• Characteristics
• Increased readership and publishing. How does
  this lead to independence for authors?

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• Development of magazines and newspapers for the
  general public
• Joseph Addison and Richard Steeles Spectator
• Female Spectator
• First newspaper in London (1702) by 1780 37
  towns had their own papers
• Education and Universities--schools shifted focus
• Realschule in Berlin in 1747.
• Wear did most scientific discoveries occur?

8
Crime and Punishment

• Punishment in the eighteenth century--shift from
  brutal torture to a system of rehabilitation
• Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794), On Crimes and
  Punishments
• Punishment should serve only as deterrent
• Punishment moved away from spectacle towards
  rehabilitation

9
World of Medicine

• University of Leiden replaced the U of Padua in
  the early 17th-c U. of Vienna then rose to
  prominence
• Royal College of Physicians--few physicians
  licensed
• Barber-surgeons separated in the 18th century.
  Surgeons began to be licensed.
• Apothecaries, midwives, and faith
  healers--medical care for the common people
• Hospital conditions--not good.

10
Popular Culture

• Festivals, carnivals, and fairs--carnival
• Gathering places
• Taverns and Alcohol
• The gap between high culture and popular
  culture-- upper class abandoned popular culture
  between 1500 and 1800

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• Literacy and Primary Education
• Spread of literacy--increase among the urban
  populations, especially the middle and upper
  class
• State-supported primary schools Volkschulen in
  the Austrian Empire and some schools in
  Protestant countries (Scotland, Saxony, Swiss
  cantons, etc. )
• Hannah More

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Enlightement Art, etc. Part 2