Interactive Nitrogen Cycle

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Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Printable Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen Text
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Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Plant Loss
R-NH2 Energy CO2
R-NH2 H2O
N2, N2O, NO
R-OH Energy 2NH3
2NH4 2OH-
Soil exchange sites
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Leaching
2NO2- H2O 4H
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Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Via Decay
Plant Loss
N2, N2O, NO
Back to Main Cycle
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Leaching
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Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Haber-Bosch (1200?C, 500 ATM) 3CH4 3O2 2N2 ?
4NH3 3CO2
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Plant Loss
N2, N2O, NO
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Leaching
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Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Volatilization
Plant Loss
N2, N2O, NO
Back to Main Cycle
Back to Intro Page
Leaching
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Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Oxidation of N N2 3O2 ? 2NO3-
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Plant Loss
N2, N2O, NO
Back to Main Cycle
Back to Intro Page
Leaching
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Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Microbial Decomposition
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Immobilization
Plant Loss
N2, N2O, NO
Back to Main Cycle
Back to Intro Page
Leaching
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Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Plant Loss
Temperature above or below 50F?
N2, N2O, NO
Back to Main Cycle
Back to Intro Page
Leaching
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Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Heterotrophic Aminization
R-NH2 Energy CO2
Plant Loss
Fungi pH lt 6.0 Bacteria pH gt 6.0
pH gt 7.0
Ammonification
R-NH2 H2O
Immobilization
N2, N2O, NO
R-OH Energy 2NH3
Immobilization
H2O
2NH4 2OH-
2NH4 2OH-
Soil exchange sites
O2 Nitrosomonas
O2 Nitrobacter
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2NO2- H2O 4H
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Leaching
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Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Amino Acids
Plant Loss
N2, N2O, NO
Immobilization
Thiobacillus, T. Thioparus, Pseudomonas,
Bacillus, and Dentrificans
Mineralization Nitrification
Denitrification
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Leaching
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Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Plant Loss
N2, N2O, NO
Back to Temperature Choice
Back to Main Cycle
Back to Intro Page
Leaching
13
Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Plant Loss
N2, N2O, NO
Back to Main Cycle
Back to Intro Page
Leaching
14
Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Plant Loss
N2, N2O, NO
Thiobacillus, T. Thioparus, Pseudomonas,
Bacillus, and Dentrificans
Denitrification
Back to Main Cycle
Back to Intro Page
Leaching
15
Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Plant Loss
N2, N2O, NO
Back to Main Cycle
Back to Intro Page
Leaching
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Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Plant Loss
N2, N2O, NO
Back to Main Cycle
Back to Intro Page
Leaching
17
Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Heterotrophic Aminization
Plant Loss
R-NH2 Energy CO2
pH gt 7.0
Ammonification
R-NH2 H2O
N2, N2O, NO
R-OH Energy 2NH3
Back to Main Cycle
Back to Intro Page
Leaching
18
Joanne LaRuffa Robert Mullen Wade Thomason Susan
Mullins Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State
University
Interactive Nitrogen Cycle
Industrial Processes
Plant and Animal Residues
Lightning, Rainfall
N2 Fixation
Haber-Bosch (1200?C, 500 ATM) 3CH4 3O2 2N2 ?
4NH3 3CO2
Fertilizer
Volatilization
Heterotrophic Aminization
Plant Loss
R-NH2 Energy CO2
N2, N2O, NO
Back to Main Cycle
Back to Intro Page
Leaching
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Nitrogen Information
Form taken up plant
Enzymes that require N
Concentration in plants
Mobility
Deficiency symptoms
Effect of pH on availability
Soil pH deficiency
Nutrient interactions
Fertilizer sources
Role of N in plant growth
References
Role of N in microbial growth
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• NH4
• NO3-

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• Soil
• NH4 NO
• NO3- Yes
• Water Soluble
• Not influenced by soil colloids
• Plant
• Yes

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• Chlorosis in older leaves
• Under severe deficiency lower leaves are brown,
  beginning at the leaf tip and proceeding along
  the midrib

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• None due to nitrates mobility

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• N assimilation into amino acids for protein and
  amino acid synthesis
• Component of chlorophyll
• Vegetative growth

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• Necessary for the synthesis for amino acids

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• Nitrate reductase
• Nitrite reductase
• Nitrogenase

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• Wheat 1.7 to 3.0
• Grain 2.0
• Forage 3.0
• Straw
• Corn 2.7 to 3.5
• Soybeans 4.2 to 5.5
• Grain sorghum 3.3 to 4.0
• Peanuts 3.5 to 4.5
• Alfalfa 4.5 to 5.0
• Bermudagrass 2.5 to 3.0

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• Low pH
• None
• High pH
• None at pH gt 8
• At pH gt 7 NO2- accumulates

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• Si enhances leaf erectness neutralizing the
  negative effects of high N supply on light
  interception
• P symbiotic legume fixation needs adequate P,
  or a N deficiency can result
• Mo component of nitrogenase, therefore could
  have Mo induced N deficiency in N2 fixing legumes
• Fe Necessary for nitrogenase and ferredoxin,
  legume hemoglobin, deficiency reduces nodule
  mass, and nitrogenase

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• ammonium sulfate anhydrous ammonia
• ammonium chloride ammonium nitrate
• ammonium nitrate- ammonium nitrate
• sulfate with lime
• ammoniated ordinary- ammonium phosphate-
• superphosphate sulfate
• monoammonium phosphate diammonium phosphate
• ammonium polyphosphate ammonium thiophosphate
• calcium nitrate potassium nitrate
• sodium nitrate urea
• urea-sulfate urea-ammonium nitrate
• urea-ammonium phosphate urea phosphate

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• Burford, J.R., and J.M. Bremner. 1975.
  Relationships between the denitrification
  capacities of soils and total, water-soluble and
  readily decomposable soil organic matter. Soil
  Biochem. 7389-394.
• Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition in Higher
  Plants. Academic Press, London.
• Tisdale, S.L., W.L. Nelson, J.D. Beaton, and J.L.
  Havlin. 1993. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers.
  MacMillan Publishing Co., New York, N.Y.

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