Cycles of matter

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Cycles of matter
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Lets Think About

• 1. What effects do automobiles, agriculture, and
  industries have on the nitrogen cycle?
• 2. What changes occur due to the excessive
  production of fossil fuels?
• 3. How has deforestation significantly affected
  the water cycle?
• 4. Runoffs from farms rich in phosphorus have
  sever consequences to nearby lakes. Can you
  suggest what these effects might be?

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In your journal..How much do you know?

• How much do you know about biogeochemical cycles
  (water, carbon, nitrogen) and the impact that
  humans have on these cycles?
• Can you provide any examples of human activities
  that result in the alteration of the water or
  nutrient cycles?

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• Eutrophic lake Healthy lake
• (high primary productivity
• due to excessive nutrients)
• What are the differences??

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• What types of processes are occurring in each of
  these pictures? Which are natural? Which are
  man-made?

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I. Biogeochemical Cycles

• Bio -Biology
• Geo -Geology
• Chemical -Chemistry
• Elements, chemical, compounds, other forms of
  matter passed from one organism to another.
• How is this different from energy flow?

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II. Recycling in the biosphere

• Matter is recycled within between ecosystems
• Biological systems dont use up matter, they
  transform it
• Inhaling atoms that dinosaurs did!!!

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III. The Water Cycle

• All living things require water to survive
• Where does water come from?
• -Moves between ocean, atmosphere, land

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• Evaporation -Water changes from liquid to gas
• Transpiration -Water evaporates from the leaves
  into the atmosphere.
• Condensation - Water vapor (gas) turns into
  liquid water forming clouds.
• Precipitation -Water droplets become large
  enough to fall to Earth
• -Rain, snow, sleet, or hail
• Surface Runoff - Rain, snow, that flows
• into streams, rivers, or canals.

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Water Cycle
Condensation
Precipitation
Evaporation
Transpiration
Run off
Seepage
Root uptake
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IV. Nutrient cycle

• Nutrients- all chemical substances that an
  organism needs to sustain life
• Every organism needs nutrient to build tissues
  and carry out essential life functions
• AKA Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus cycles

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V. Carbon Cycle

• Carbon is a key ingredient of living tissue
• CaCo3 Animal skeletons also found in rocks
• CO2 (Carbon dioxide)
• Given off by plants animals during respiration
• Makes up atmosphere
• Released into atmosphere by volcanic activity,
  burning fossil fuels and vegetation
• Decomposition of organic matter
• Taken in by plants in photosynthesis

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VI. More info

• 4 main processes move Carbon
• through the cycle
• 1. Biological- photosynthesis, respiration,
  decomposition
• 2. Geochemical Erosion volcanic activity
• 3. Mixed biogeochemical- burial decompostion
• 4. Human Activities-mining, cutting burning
  forest, burning fossil fuels

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CO2 in atmosphere
Carbon Cycle
CO2 in ocean
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Increased CO2 the Greenhouse Effect
http//environment.nationalgeographic.com/environm
ent/global-warming/gw-overview-interactive.html
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Nitrogen Phosphorous Tutorials

• Complete the assigned tutorial
• Answer the corresponding questions on your
  worksheet
• Pair up with someone that completed the other
  tutorial and discuss what you learned.
• Group discussion of questions

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Warm up 9/23

• For credit answer in complete sentences
• 1. Why is the water cycle important?
• 2. What are we doing that is impacting the
  cycles?
• 3. What is a suggestion to remedy this?

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Nitrogen cycle

• All organisms require Nitrogen to make amino
  acids (which are used to make proteins)
• N2 makes up 78 of Earths atmosphere
• Humans add Nitrogen thru Nitrate (fertilizers)
• Found in waste
• -Ammonia (NH3), nitrate ions (NO3-),
• nitrite ions(NO2-)

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More on Nitrogen Cycle

• Only certain types of bacteria can use nitrogen
  gas directly
• They are found in soil and on roots of plants
  called legumes (magical fruit)
• They convert it to ammonia through Nitrogen
  Fixation
• Other bacteria convert ammonia into nitrates
  nitrites
• Producers use it to make proteins
• Consumers eat producers and reuse
• nitrogen to make proteins

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DEATH!!!

• When organism die, decomposers return nitrogen to
  soil as ammonia
• Ammonia taken up by producers (again)
• Denitrification -other soil bacteria convert
  nitrates into nitrogen gas. Releases nitrogen
  into atmosphere.

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Nitrogen Cycle
N2 in atmosphere
NO3- NO2- Nitrate nitrite
NH3 ammonia
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Simplified Nitrogen Cycle

• Organic wastes(from plants and animals) add
  nitrogen to the soil.
• Bacteria in the soil convert the nitrogen into
  forms plants can use.
• Plants use nitrogen in the soil to grow, develop,
  and produce seeds.
• Plants are eaten by animals and people. The
  organic waste (which contains nitrogen) is
  returned to the soil again.

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Phosphorus cycle
(Phosphorus is required for the manufactureof
ATP and all nucleic acids)

• 1. Reservoir erosion transfers phosphorus to
  water and soil sediments and rocks that
  accumulate on ocean floors return to the surface
  as a result of uplifting by geological processes
• 2. Assimilation plants absorb inorganic PO43-
  (phosphate) from soils animals obtain organic
  phosphorus when they eat plants and other animals
• 3. Release plants and animals release
  phosphorus when they decompose animals excrete
  phosphorus in their waste products

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Human Impacts

• Phosphorus in runoff causes algal blooms and
  eutrophication (oxygen depletion in water)
• Humans contribute to this by over fertilizing,
  mining, and the use of sewage treatment plants.