The Respiratory System ????

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The Respiratory System????
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The General Description

• The respiratory system includes the
  res-
• piratory tract and lungs.The primary function
• of this system is to supply the body with oxygen
• and get rid of excess carbon dioxide resulting
• from cell metabolism.
• Nose
• Pharynx upper respiratory
• Larynx tract ????
• Trachea
• lower respiratory tract
• Bronchi ????

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Section 1 The Nose ?

• I.External nose
• Root of nose
• Back of nose
• Apex of nose
• Ala of nose
• II.Nasal cavity is divided
• into two halves by the nasal septum.
• Little region

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• Two parts
• Nasal vestibule???
• Nasal cavity proper
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• Lateral wall
• Nasal conchae??
• Nasal meatus??
• Sphenoethmoidal recess
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• Remove the middle nasal conchae
• Semilunar hiatus
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• Ethmoidal infundibulum
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• Ethmoidal bulb
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• Nasolacrimal canal
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• Mucous membrane of nose
• Olfactory region??
• Respiratory region???

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III.The paranasal sinuses and their site of
drainage into the nose
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Section 2 The Larynx
The larynx is a part of respiratory
passage as well as the orgen of phonation.

• PositionIt lies in the anterior part of the neck
  (below the hyoid bone), and extends from
  vertebral level of C3 to C6.

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I.Laryngeal cartilages

• (I)Thyroid cartilage
• ???? Shield-shaped
• Laryngeal prominence
• (II)Arytenoid????
• Paired, pyramid shaped
• (III)Cricoid cartilage
• ????
• Complete ring
• shaped like a signet ring

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• (IV)Epiglottic cartilage
• ????
• leaf-shaped elastic cartilage

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• II.Laryngeal joints
• 1.Thyrohyoid membrane
• ?????
• 2.cricothyroid joint
• ????
• 3.cricoarytenoid joint
• ????

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• 4.Quadrangular membrane
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• 5.Conus elasticus????
• vocal ligament???
• Median cricothyroid ligament??????
• 6.Cricotracheal ligament
• ????????

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III.Muscles of larynx ??IV .Laryngeal cavity ??

• (I)Aditus laryngis
• ??
• bounded by upper border epiglottis
  aryepiglottic folds and interarytenoid notch

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• Structure features
• 1.Two folds
• Vestibular folds ???
• Vocal folds ??
• 2.Two fissures
• Rima vestibuli ???
• Fissure of glottis ???
• Intermembranous part Intercartilagrnous part

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• (II)Three parts
• Laryngeal vestibule
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• Intermedial cavity
• of larynx
• ????
• Infraglottic cavity
• ????

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Section 3 The Trachea and Bronchi
I.Trachea??It is the passage for air. It extends
from the lower border of the circoid cartilage at
the level of sixth cervical vertebra to the level
of the sternal angle.

• Structure features
• Consists of about 14-17 C-shaped incomplete
  tracheal cartilages
• Carina of trachea
• ????

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II.Bronchi

• Right principal bronchus
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• Shorter, wider, and more vertical
• Left principal bronchus
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• Narrower, longer, and more horizontal

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Section 4 The Lungs

• The lungs are situated one on each side
  within the thorax,and separated from each other
  by the heart and other contents of the
  mediastinum.
• The External features
• Cone-shaped
• An Apex of lung
• A Base of lung
• Three surfaces
• Three borders

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• Medial surface
• 1.Hilum of lung ??
• 2.Root of lung ??
• Order of structures
• From before backward
• R.L.- V.A.B.
• From above downward
• R.-B. A. V.
• L.-A. B. V.

left
right
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• Lobes and Fissure
• 1.Right lung
• Two fissures
• horizontal and oblique
• Three lobes
• 2.Left lung
• One fissure oblique
• Two lobes

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III. The Bronchial tree???? IV .Bronchopulmonary
segments ?????

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Section 5 The PleuraThe pleura is
thin,glistening,slippery serous membrane that
lines the inner surface of thorax and the
surfaces of lungs.

• General features
• Two layers
• Visceral pleura - adheres to lung
• Parietal pleura-
• lines the thoracic cavity

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• pleural cavity Two pleural layers continuing
• with each other at root
• of lung formed a closed
• potential space

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I.Named parts of parietal pleura

• Cupula of pleura
• Costal pleura
• Mediastinal pleura
• Diaphragmatic pleura

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• II.Pleura recesses
• Costodiaphragmatic recesse
• ????
• Costomediastinal recess
• ?????
• Phrennicomediastinal
• recess ?????

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Costodiaphragmatic recess ????
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III.The surface projection of inferior margins of
lung and pleurae
Lower border Midclavicular line Midaxillary line Scapular line Sides of the vertebral column
Lungs 6th rib 8th rib 10th rib 11th Thoracic v
Pleura 8th rib 10th rib 11th rib 12th Thoracic v
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Section 6 The mediastinum
1.Definition
2.Divisions
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• Summary and question
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