Was the Congress of Vienna Successful?

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Was the Congress of Vienna Successful?
First Bubbles- French Revolution
Rolling Boil- Napoleonic Wars- Bring Rev. to the
Rest of Europe
Water Traditional Conservative Europe
MetaphorTime
Fire Liberal Enlightenment Ideas
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Was the Congress of Vienna Successful?
Holy Alliance
Congress of Vienna
Censorship, etc
Carlsbad Decrees
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Reactions to Congress of Vienna

• Liberals, aka Classical Liberals, still exist
  after French Revolution
• What are Classical Liberals
• Liberal in relation to ancien regime
• Government should stay out of the economy, remove
  legal barriers to liberty and equality, and
  thats it ((in other words, capitalism is
  liberal related to mercantilism)
• Why called Classical?
• However, Classical Liberalism has lost its appeal
  for many. Why?
• Doesnt go far enough
• Classical liberalism helps the bourgeoisie grab
  power from the aristocracy
• But does nothing for Proletariat (other than move
  them from the countryside to the city)
• Classical liberalism seems to defend the worst
  aspects of the French Revolution
• Child labor, etc.)
• Failed in French Revolution
• More radical reformers are inspired by the
  Socialism of the Reign of Terror period

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Utopian Socialism

• Utopia nowhere or the perfect society
• Focus on community, rather than the individual
• Inspired by the successful aspects of the radical
  French Republic (bread of equality, etc.)
• Socialist ideas govt sponsored full-employment,
  no private property, full democracy, gender
  equality, closer to equality of condition
• Linked to France and especially Paris
• Utopians dreamed of these perfect societies, but
  offered few road maps

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Engels (repeat)

• German academic whose father owned factories in
  England
• Engels visited the factories as a young man and
  was appalled by the conditions there
• 1844 The Condition of the Working Class in
  England
• He condemned the bourgeoisie as class criminals
  for their exploitation
• We are getting to the idea of class consciousness
  
• His work caught the attention of socialists
• Especially those who wanted a more scientific
  socialism (later to be known as Communism)
• Engels work in particular got the attention of a
  German political philosopher named _____________
• Interestingly, Engels may have gotten a skewed
  view of industrialization. Why?
• England went first and made mistakes that other
  nations didnt repeat

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Marxian Socialism

• Marx saw that early (Utopian) Socialism was too
  fanciful
• not firmly grounded in theory or reality
• begged the bourgeois for concessions they would
  never grant
• Wrote the Communist Manifesto
• Argued for a scientific form of Socialism

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Marxs- Simple Version

• history is the story of class struggle
• Aristocracy? Bourgeoisie Bourgeoisie ?
  Proletariat
• Political, legal, and economic systems protect
  the class in power
• Conservatism protected the aristocracy
• Capitalism and Classical Liberalism protect
  Bourgeoisie
• exploitation of the proletariat class
  consciousness VIOLENT revolution
• Why was class consciousness already growing?
• Believed that labor was the source of all
  economic value but that private property allowed
  capitalists to steal this value from workers
• After Proletarian Revolution, abolish private
  property end of historical class struggle

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Marxian Socialism A More Complicated Look

• Idea of history as a dialectical process (taken
  from German philosopher Hegel)
• Dialectic process means all of history was
  constant tension leading to constant,
  predictable, change
• Hegel argued that there was always a dominant
  societal model and an alternative model
• The two fought it out until a new synthesis was
  formed and the whole process repeated.
• Marx added an engine to this dialectic economics
• In other words, the roots of the system is
  always economic
• Feudal society was set up to protect the rights
  of the land owners (land equaled economic power)
• Capitalist society was set up to protect the
  rights of the factory owners (factory equaled
  economic power)
• Marx called the land and factories the Means of
  Production
• Abolish private property (no more individual
  ownership of the Means of Production and you
  end the historical dialectic

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Marxs Impact

• Secular religion
• included all of the dominant strains of thought
  of the time period German philosophy, Utopian
  Socialism, and Classical Economics (Capitalism)
• it replaced religion
• (Marx rejected religion as the opiate of the
  masses
• Little noticed at first, but will become HUGE!

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Marxian Socialism Is Highly Radical

• Fills Conservatives and even Classical Liberals
  with special dread. Why?
• Let the Ruling Classes Tremble at a Communist
  revolution. The Proletariat have nothing to lose
  but their chains. They have a world to win.
  WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!
• Marx believed that the haves would never
  willingly give up their privilege. They would
  have to be killed in a violent revolution.

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Nationalism

• After 1st Hundred Years War- France and England
• after 2nd HYW- rest of Europe
• Definition ? hope to turn ethnic boundaries
  (defined especially by language) into political
  boundaries
• Most early nationalists are liberals or moderate
  socialists. Why does this make sense?
• Liberalism- freedom and equality of an individual
  
• Nationalism is the freedom and equality of a
  peopleeach people must be able to make their
  pure voice heard
• Why few conservative nationalists?
• Conservative monarchs rule over empires if these
  people get nationalist ideas, then youve got
  some problems
• Nationalisms Dark Underbelly
• If we are prideful in our ethnicity, then ???
• Later, we will be introduced to conservative
  nationalists and the !_at_ will hit the fan
• National Socialism ? Nazism ? equality of
  condition, but only for our people

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Romanticism

• the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling
  recollected in tranquility

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• German and English, which means it is religiously
  attached to
• Sturm and Drang Movement

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• Born out of Rousseau
• Johann Wolfgang Goethe
• Francisco Goya
• William Wordsworth
• Lord Byron
• Mary Shelley
• Victor Hugo
• Alexander Pushkin
• Washington Irving

• Ludwig van Beethoven
• Liszt
• Richard Wagner

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Characteristics

• Emotion
• Spontaneity
• Love of nature
• Desire to know the unknowable
• Fascinated with the bizarre and exotic
• Anti-materialist
• Intensely individualist
• bohemian

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A Break With Classicism

• Rejects Industrialization

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Beethovens Ode to Joy
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(No Transcript)
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Closely connected to Nationalism

• Why?
• Because. It is like Individualism applied on a
  larger scale to culture
• Seeks the unique essence of each culture
• Brothers Grimm and other folktales

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Possibly Wagner- Flight of the Valkeryies Here
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Clearing Up a Bit of Confusion

• Congress System
• Aka Concert of Europe
• Occasional meetings to guide peace
• Holy Alliance
• Russia, Austria, Prussia
• Enforces decisions of congress system
• No major European War until WWI