Migration and Empire

1
Migration and Empire

• Introduction

2
Movement of People

• Why?
• Economic Reasons
• Push and Pull

3
Agricultural Revolution

• Decline in farm work and domestic production
• Increase in industrial work factories, mines,
  shipyards

4
Consequences?

• Some major changes in the way people worked and
  where they worked
• These are social and economic changes
• The majority of those who left Scottish shores
  were young the future generations, taking their
  skills with them.

5
Industrialisation-Scotland globally important

• Textile industry
• Iron and steel works
• Engineering
• Jute
• Shipbuilding
• Coal mining

6
Development of communication

• Railways
• Canals
• Shipping

7
World economy

• Demand for steam ships most built in Scotland
• Expansion in trade with the huge British Empire
• Wealth created by Scots taking advantage of world
  trade, e.g. Lipton (Tea)

8
Effects of all of this?

• Urbanisation (31 1830 -gt 64 1930)
• Population Growth (Immigrants add greatly to
  this)
• Population movement -gt Central belt
• Decline and depopulation of rural areas
• Decline in rural employment

9
Living conditions in towns

• Overcrowding
• Slums
• Diseases
• Poverty
• High death rate

10
Why Scotland?

• Highlanders cleared from their land and Irish
  immigrants willing to work for less money
• Cheap labour increased profits
• High demand for unskilled labour -gt farm
  labourers, Irish and Highlanders
• Coal seams central belt importance
• Deep water, accessible ports Clyde
• Skilled labour force also

11
Immigrants to Scotland

• There have been many nationalities who were
  attracted to the Scottish nation between 1830 and
  1939.
• Scotland became the focus for many who were
  experiencing difficulties in their own lands. It
  is therefore accepted that many were looking for
  some kind of escape, and Scotland was not their
  destination of choice.

12
The new arrivals

• The Irish arrived in Scotland to flee a terrible
  famine and abject poverty.
• Others, such as the Jews and some eastern
  Europeans, were fleeing religious and/or
  political persecution.
• Historians note that Scotland was seen as a
  stopping-off place until passage could be secured
  for America or some other land of opportunity.

13
The new arrivals

• Those that settled in Scotland only did so as
  they lacked the finance to go further afield.
• Some groups, such as the Polish and Lithuanians
  were fooled into believing that Scotland was a
  prosperous land offering a wealth of
  opportunities.

14
Scotland the British empire

• Scots play major part in its development
• Scotlands economy boosted greatly by trade with
  the Empire
• Many successful Scots abroad
• Opportunities for Scots to serve and rise in the
  ranks of the army

15
1930s

• Great Depression
• Decline in demand for many products of heavy
  industry
• Scotland too dependent on heavy industry
• Increasing foreign competition
• Increasing unrest in the Empire. Moves towards
  independence.