Spanish Empire in the Americas

1
Spanish Empire in the Americas
2
The Crossing

• Bering Sea
• Hunter Gathers from Asia
• 12,000 to 25,00,000 years ago
• Southern Migration
• Agricultural Revolution
• Lack of disease
• Population
• Climate

3
Early Civilizations

• Extensive trade, and complex religions and
  societies
• 75-200 mil population in 1491
• 2,000 languages
• Mesoamerica
• Mayas
• Aztecs
• Tenochtitlan
• Incas
• Machu Picchu
• North America
• Hopi
• Mississippian
• Serpent Mound
• Cahokia
• Pueblo
• Mesa Verde
• Pueblo Bonito

4
Americas First Cities
5
Columbus - Facts

• Trade with Asia Silk Road
• New route to East Asia
• Ferdinand and Isabella
• Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
• San Salvador (Hispaniola) and Cuba
• Indians?
• Four Voyages
• Treaty of Tordesillas
• Amerigo Vespucci

6
Two views of Columbus

• Discover of the New World
• Allowed population relief in Europe
• Discovered new wealth and goods
• New Food Sources From Americas
• Columbus Day
• Destroyer of an Ancient Society
• Devistated the Tiano or Arawak Indians
• Objective land, slaves, and gold
• Disease
• European Conquest destroyed Native Civilization
• Bartolome de las Casa
• History of the Indies
• A Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies

7
Biological (Columbus) Exchange

• Exchange of flora and fauna, and cultures between
  Hemispheres
• Europe to Americas
• Coffee, Horses, Pigs, Cattle, Wheat, Sugar Cane,
  Small Pox
• Americas to Europe
• Potatoes, Tomatoes, Corn, Beans, Syphilis
• Disease and Native Americas
• Cultural Exchange
• War
• Trade
• Migration

8
The Spanish in America

• The Clash of Cultures
• Guns, Germs, and Steel Plus horses
• Hernando Cortes and the Aztecs
• Conquistadores, gold and slaves
• Quetzalcoatl
• Tenochtitlan
• Montezuma II,
• Besiege 85 days
• Smallpox
• Francisco Pizarro and the Incas

9
Cont.

• Two views of conquest
• Monetary, conquistadors
• Religion, priest contrast to conq
• Encomienda (plantation)
• Encomenderos (lord)
• Hacienda (Farm)
• Indian Slaves vs. African Slaves
• Spanish explores
• Hernando de Soto destruction
• Francisco Vasquez de Coronado lost city of gold

10
Continue

• Franciscan and Jesuit Missionaries
• Catholic Missions
• Presidios
• Popes Rebellion
• Juan de Onate
• Indian Revolt of 1680
• Pope
• Northern Boundary

11
Decline of Spanish America

• Spain and England went to war
• English Privateers
• Catholics vs. Protestants
• King Phillip II vs. Queen Elizabeth
• Invincible Armada
• Protestant Wind
• A new sea and colonial power