Title: States of Consciousness
1States of Consciousness
2Waking and Sleeping Rhythms
3When we are awake we are?
In a state of Consciousness
Our awareness of ourselves and our surroundings.
4The central theory of conscious behavior can be
found in
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7Conscious
Subconscious
Unconscious
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9D A Y D R E A M S
F A N T A S I E S
What are some common Daydreams?
10Why do we daydream?
- They can help us prepare for future events.
- They can nourish our social development.
- Can substitute for impulsive behavior.
11Fantasy Prone Personalities
- Someone who imagines and recalls experiences with
lifelike vividness and who spends considerable
time fantasizing.
12Biological Rhythms
Annual Cycles seasonal variations (bears
hibernation, seasonal affective disorder)? 28 day
cycles menstrual cycle. 24 hour cycle our
circadian rhythm 90 minute cycle sleep cycles.
13Circadian Rhythm
- Our 24 hour biological clock.
- Our body temperature and awareness changes
throughout the day. - It is best to take a test or study during your
circadian peaks.
How can the circadian rhythm help explain jet
lag?
Knee pad light exposure experiment
Sunday night insomnia
14Sleep
15Sleep Stages
- There are 5 identified stages of sleep.
- It takes about 90 minutes to pass through the 5
stages. - The brains waves will change according to the
sleep stage you are in. - The first four sages and know as NREM sleep..
- The fifth stage is called REM sleep.
16Stage One
- This is experienced as falling to sleep and is a
transition stage between wake and sleep. - eyes begin to roll slightly.
- brief periods of alpha waves, similar to those
present while awake
Hallucinations can occur and feeling of falling.
17Stage Two
- This follows Stage 1 sleep and is the "baseline"
of sleep. - This stage is part of the 90 minute cycle
18Stage Three Four
- Stages three and four are "Delta"(deep)sleep or
"slow wave" sleep - It is called "slow wave" sleep because brain
activity slows down dramatically from the rhythm
of Stage 2 to a much slower rhythm called "delta"
19Stage Three and Four (continued)
- Contrary to popular belief, it is delta sleep
that is the "deepest" stage of sleep (not REM)
and the most restorative. - It is delta sleep that a sleep-deprived person's
brain craves the first and foremost. - In children, delta sleep can occupy up to 40 of
all sleep time and this is what makes children
unawake able or "dead asleep" during most of the
night.
20Stage Five REM SLEEP
- REM Rapid Eye Movement
- This is a very active stage of sleep.
- Composes 20-25 of a normal nights sleep.
- Breathing, heart rate and brain wave activity
quicken. - Vivid Dreams can occur.
- From REM, you go back to Stage 2
21REM
- Body is essentially paralyzed during REM.
- Genitals become aroused. Erections and clitoral
engorgement. - Morning Erections are from final REM stage.
A typical 25 year old man has an erection during
half of his sleep.
A 65 year old- one quarter.
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23How much sleep do we need?
- We all need different amounts of sleep depending
on our age and genetics. - But we ALL sleep- about 25 years on average.
How do you feel when you dont get enough sleep?
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25Can you just make up lost sleep in one night?
NO
26Why do we need sleep?(Two theories)?
- Ecological Niche back in the day, darkness meant
death, those that slept did not go out, thus did
not die. Sleep protects us.
27Sleep helps us recuperate and restores the
breakdown of our body.
28Sleep Disorders
29Insomnia
- Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
- Not your once in a while (I have a big test
tomorrow) having trouble getting to sleep
episodes. - Insomnia is not defined by the number of hours
you sleep every night. - Primary versus Secondary insomnia.
60 Million
30Narcolepsy
- Characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.
- Lapses directly into REM sleep (usually during
times of stress or joy).
31Sleep Apnea
- A sleep disorder characterized by temporary
cessations of breathing during sleep and
consequent momentary reawakenings.
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33Sleepwalking(Somnambulism)?
- Sleepwalking is a sleep disorder effecting an
estimated 10 percent of all humans at least once
in their lives. - Sleep walking most often occurs during deep
non-REM sleep (stage 3 or stage 4 sleep) early in
the night.
34Sleepwalking
- One common misconception is that a sleep walker
should not be awakened. It is not dangerous to
awaken a sleep walker, although it is common for
the person to be confused or disoriented for a
short time on awakening. Another misconception is
that a person cannot be injured when sleep
walking. Actually, injuries caused by such things
as tripping and loss of balance are common for
sleep walkers.
35Dreams
36When we discovered the different stages of sleep,
our dream research really took off!!!WHY?
37Why do we Dream?
38Dreams
Manifest Content the remembered storyline of a
dream.
Latent Content the underlying meaning of a dream.
39Manifest Content
40Latent Content
Dream Interpretation
41Freuds wish-fulfillment Theory
- Dreams are the key to understanding our inner
conflicts. - Ideas and thoughts that are hidden in our
unconscious. - Manifest and latent content
42Information-Processing Theory
- Dreams act to sort out and understand the
memories that you experience that day. - REM sleep does increase after stressful events.
43Physiological Function Theories
- Activation-Synthesis Theory
- during the night our brainstem releases random
neural activity, dreams may be a way to make
sense of that activity.
44REM Rebound
- The tendency for REM sleep to increase following
REM sleep deprivation. - What will happen if you dont get a good nights
sleep for a week, and then sleep for 10 hours?
You will dream a lot.