Social Change in the 1800s (particularly 1850-1914)

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Social Change in the 1800s (particularly
1850-1914)
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I. Modernizing the City

• Pre-Industrial Revolution there is little notion
  of urban planning
• Not many people live in cities and those that do
  have to deal with the consequences
• As the industrial revolution causes population in
  cities explodes (17 of England in 1800, 54 of
  England in 1900) social reformers begin to
  develop urban planning
• Remember
• No sewage system
• Little running water
• No parks
• No transportation
• Walking cities
• Recent rural immigrants are used to living in
  filth
• Ignorance of basic health principles

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Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore
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Sanitation Breakthrough

• Edwin Chadwick
• Utilitarian ? Jeremy Bentham
• Studied the poor and publishes findings of
  connections between filth and disease
• Argues for development of sanitation systems
• Cheap iron of I.R.
• Hampered by Miasma Theory
• Germ Theory
• Louis Pasteur
• vaccines
• Joseph Lister
• Better surgical procedures

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Urban Planning

• Napoleon III (Louis Napoleon)
• Wants a capital fit for an emperor
• Demolishes much of medieval Paris
• Wide boulevards
• Side benefit?
• Public Parks
• Sewers
• Copied by many other European cities
• Eventually, transportation eases crowding
• Electric Streetcar

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Part II. Class

• All wages rose but income inequality stayed
  constant or grew
• Upper and middle classes
• 20 of population- over 50 of wealth)
• Lower classes
• 80 of population - under 50 of wealth)
• Marxism weakened by scramble to move up in terms
  of sub- class

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III. Science Increasingly Had an Impact on the
Daily Lives of the Working Classes

• Wasnt true in Scientific Revolution
• Some have referred to the late 19th century as a
  second industrial revolution
• Electricity
• Light bulbs
• Streetcars
• Airplanes
• Cars
• Radio
• Telephone
• Movies
• Phonograph

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Darwins Theory of Evolution Shakes Up Social
Science

• On the Origin of the Species
• Competition for scarce resources leads fittest to
  survive and pass on their traits
• Remind anyone of Malthus?
• Is there still a need for God?
• What if you apply Darwins survival of the
  fittest to humans?
• Social Darwinism
• The rich are rich because they are better
• Applies both to individuals and races
• How might this help usher in a more extreme or
  conservative nationalism?
• Killing or taking land from other races is OK. It
  just demonstrates your fitness.
• Keeping the poor on the bottom is OK. They are
  less fit.
• These theories are just in time for an upcoming
  theme- New Imperialism

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Monkey picture on page 815
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Hansen Name ____________________AP Euro
Period _________ Social Change in the
1800s (particularly 1850-1914) Note-Taking Guide)

• I. Modernizing the City
• Pre-Industrial Revolution there is little notion
  of __________________
• Not many people live in cities and those that do
  ___________________ ______________________________
  ____________________________
• As the industrial revolution causes population in
  cities explodes (______ __________________________
  ________________) social reformers begin to
  develop urban planning
• Remember
• ______________________
• Little running water
• ______________________
• No transportation
• ____________________________
• Recent rural immigrants are_______________________
  _____
• Ignorance of basic ___________________________
• Sanitation Breakthrough
• Edwin Chadwick
• Utilitarian ? Jeremy Bentham ___________________
  ____________________________________________
• Studied the poor and publishes findings of
  connections between ______________________________
  _
• Argues for development of _____________
• _______________________________
• Hampered by Miasma Theory- __________________
  ____________________________________________

• II. Class
• All wages rose but _________________ stayed
  constant or grew
• Upper and middle classes
• ________ of population- over _______ of wealth
• Lower classes
• _____ of population - under _____ of wealth)
• Marxism weakened by scramble to move
  ________________________
• III. Science Increasingly Had an Impact on the
  Daily Lives of the Working Classes
• Wasnt true in ___________________________________
  __
• Some have referred to the late 19th century as a
  ________________ _________________________________
  ______
• Electricity , Light bulbs , Streetcars ,
  Airplanes , Cars, Radio, Telephone , Movies,
  Phonograph
• Darwins Theory of Evolution Shakes Up Social
  Science
• _____________________________________________
• ______________________________________________
  ______________________________________________
• Remind anyone of ____________?
• Is there still a need _____________?
• What if you apply Darwins survival of the
  fittest _________?
• Social Darwinism
• ______________________________________