Title: Animal, Plant
1Animal, Plant Soil Science
- Lesson C1-1
- The Animal Science Industry
2Interest Approach
- Form groups of three to five individuals. Each
group should select a chairperson and a recorder.
Have each group develop a list of the ways
animals benefit humans. Items on the list should
be ranked, with 1 being the most important and
the highest number being the least important.
(The value of the highest number depends on the
number of items the group has listed.) Allow 10
to 15 minutes for this activity. Afterward, call
on the recorder for each group to give a report
and to list the benefits in order of importance
on the writing surface. Go through the reports
from all the groups and have students consolidate
the lists. The numerical rankings can be used in
the consolidation process. (The list should be
retained for future reference as this lesson is
taught. Students should record the list in their
notebooks.)
3Objectives
- Investigate the history of animal domestication.
- Identify and describe the important segments of
the animal industry.
4Objectives
- Analyze the components necessary to provide
appropriate animal care and well-being. - Classify common livestock and companion animals
based on their species, age, and sexual state.
5Terms
- animal domestication
- animal environment
- animal health
- animal industry
- animal marketing
- animal nutrition
- animal processing
- animal production
- animal reproduction
- animal selection
- animal services
- animal supplies
- animal well-being
- castration
- companion animal
- feral animal
6Terms
- livestock
- neutering
- poultry
- ration
- service animals
- spaying
- wildlife
7What is the history of animal domestication?
- Animal domestication is the process of removing
animals from wild settings and raising them in a
controlled environment. - Domestication usually results
in all members of a species
being domesticated. - Animals that have not been domesticated are known
as wildlife.
8What is the history of animal domestication?
- A member of a species that was once domesticated
but has returned to live in the wild is a feral
animal. - Examples of feral animals are
wild dogs and wild horses. - Domesticated animals depend on humans to provide
for most of their needs, such as a good pasture
for cattle.
9What is the history of animal domestication?
- A. Domestication began thousands of years ago
with animals similar to cattle whose fossils were
found in Asia. - The fossils date back 3 to 4 million years or
more. - The remains have ox-like animal parts and horns
comparable to those of goats. - However, cattle are not thought to have been
domesticated until 8000 to 6000 B.C. in Europe
and parts of Asia.
10What is the history of animal domestication?
- The first domesticated bovine animal is believed
to have descended from aurochs. - The auroch survived until relatively modern
times. - The species became extinct in 1627 near Warsaw,
Poland. - Early cattle served a triple purpose for humans.
They provided meat, milk, and labor. - Ultimately, the draft purpose was replaced by
horses and then by machinery. - Today many breeds are considered for single or
dual purposes.
11What is the history of animal domestication?
- 1. People began domestication because having a
consistent food supply was easier if animals did
not have to be hunted. - People started to manage animals
and found it easier to care for themand to
understand their needs. - They also found it easier to raise
them and use them to help meet
human needs.
12What is the history of animal domestication?
- 2. Domestication allowed people to use animals
for power in pulling loads. - Many early cattle served as triple-purpose
breeds. - Draft purpose was one of the
essential functions. - Horses, donkeys, and even
goats served a draft purpose.
13What is the history of animal domestication?
- 3. Some animals and their owners developed
attachments to each other. - The animals became companion animals.
- A companion animal is an animal kept by a human
for enjoyment in a long-term relationship. - Companion animals are frequently called pets.
- Examples of companion animals are dogs, cats,
fish, rabbits, and hamsters. - Horses and other animals may be raised for
recreation and/or companion relationships.
14What is the history of animal domestication?
- B. Domestication continues today, with new
species now undergoing the process. - An example is elk.
- Some people are beginning to farm elk,
though most elk still exist in the wild. - Bison and some fish are other examples
of species being domesticated. - Some types of monkeys are bred for pet trade.
- Llamas are bred with alpacas for a greater pet
appeal and woollier coats. - The production of fennec foxes, albino hedgehogs,
and mutant hairless guinea pigs are examples of
how domestication continues today.
15What are the important segments of the animal
industry?
- The animal industry is all the activities in
producing animals and their products or benefits
to meet the needs of people. - A. Many competencies are needed to assure that
animals receive care that promotes their
well-being. - People need to understand the unique
characteristics of the species they are
producing. - B. The animal industry has several important
areas. - These contribute to animal production for maximum
human benefit.
16What are the important segments of the animal
industry?
- 1. Animal production is the
production of animals for food
and other uses, such as companionship. - The kinds of animals produced and the nature of
production practices vary, depending on interests
and technology. - Production may be quite specialized to provide a
specific animal product.
17What are the important segments of the animal
industry?
- a. Livestock encompasses mammals raised on farms
and/or ranches for food and other human purposes.
- Cattle, swine, sheep, horses, and
goats are often produced on large-
scale farms. - Less common species, such as
llamas and elk, are usually produced on
small-scale farms.
18What are the important segments of the animal
industry?
- b. Companion animals serve
as pets. - Among the most popular are dogs,
cats, fish, rabbits, and hamsters. - Some companion animals can act as service animals
to humans. - Service animals are animals that assist people in
living and work. - They are used in many ways and may be given
special training. - Examples are dogs that assist people who are
visually impaired.
19What are the important segments of the animal
industry?
- c. Poultry is the group name
for all domesticated birds
used for meat, eggs, and
feathers. - Poultry is also referred to as birds and fowl.
- These birds have wings, backbones, and feathers
some can even swim. - d. Other animals produced for specific reasons
include food fish, laboratory animals, and exotic
animals.
20What are the important segments of the animal
industry?
- 2. Animal supplies is the area of the animal
industry that provides the inputs (goods or
products) needed to produce animals. - These goods or products
typically come from sources
of the production facility. - Examples are feed, medicine,
and equipment.
21What are the important segments of the animal
industry?
- 3. Animal services is the area of the animal
industry that includes the professional and
technical assistance that producers need and use
in efficiently producing animals. - Examples of service
providers are
veterinarians, farriers,
and shearers.
22What are the important segments of the animal
industry?
- 4. Animal marketing is all the processes involved
in assuring that consumers have the desired
animal products. - It includes activities in transporting, grading,
selling, etc. - Marketing is the link between the producer and
the consumer.
23What are the important segments of the animal
industry?
- 5. Animal processing is the preparation of
animals and animal products for human use or
consumption. - It is closely related to marketing.
- The functions vary with the product.
- Milk, eggs, wool, and meat go through
different processes in preparation
for consumption. - Some animals, such as those for
companionship, safety, or service, do not produce
products.
24What are the components necessary to provide
appropriateanimal care and well-being?
- Successful animal production requires care and
management. - A. Animal well-being is an important part of care
and management. - Animal well-being is the result of caring for an
animal so all of its needs are met and it does
not suffer. - Steps must be taken to make the animal healthy,
such as providing proper feed and water.
25What are the components necessary to provide
appropriateanimal care and well-being?
- B. Several areas are important in animal care and
management. - These are related to producing animals
successfully. - With study and experience, individuals can
develop the knowledge and skill needed to provide
care and management. - 1. Animal selection is the choosing of animals to
achieve desired goals. - This includes the selection of animals for
specific characteristics and of animals adapted
to the situation in which they will be raised. - Profitability for commercial animal producers
requires the production of quality animals.
26What are the components necessary to provide
appropriateanimal care and well-being?
- 2. Animal nutrition is the study of the kind and
amount of feed and water an animal needs and how
the animal uses food substances. - The needs of animals are dependent on
age and condition. - There are several important factors to
an animals ration. - A ration is an animals diet or what an animal
eats each day. - It is important to have a properly balanced
ration, especially for young animals and
lactating females.
27What are the components necessary to provide
appropriateanimal care and well-being?
- 3. Animal health is the condition in which the
animal is free of disease and all body systems
are functioning properly. - Good nutrition and a good
environment promote health. - Vaccination and other health-
promoting management are beneficial. - Producers know the importance of prevention.
- Disease among animals can be difficult to treat,
can be costly, and can decrease production.
28What are the components necessary to provide
appropriateanimal care and well-being?
- 4. Animal reproduction is the process by which
offspring are produced. - Understanding reproductive processes of the
species is essential for successful animal
production. - 5. Animal environment is the surroundings in
which an animal is living. - Some animals are adapted to the natural weather
environment other animals need housing and
protection. - Animal environment includes the surroundings in
which an animal is placed temporarily, such as in
hauling, handling, penning, and other situations
involved in production.
29How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- Animals are classified by species, age, and
sexual state. - It is important to use the
appropriate names when
referring to animals. - A. Age is a means of
determining the difference between mature animals
and immature animals. - B. Sexual state is another way of classifying
animals.
30How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- 1. Male or female is one distinction.
- 2. Another distinction is whether an animal is in
its natural sexual state or whether it has
undergone sexual alteration known as neutering. - An animal is neutered to prevent it from
reproducing or to cause it to express desired
traits. - For example, neutering may increase the rate of
growth and the quality of meat.
31How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- Two types of neutering are castration and
spaying. - a. Castration is the removal or destruction of
the testicles of a male so it does not breed. - b. Spaying is the removal of the ovaries or the
cutting of the fallopian tubes of a female so an
egg cannot enter the uterus, where it may be
fertilized and develop as an embryo and fetus.
32How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- C. The following are common names of cattle.
- 1. A mature male is a bull.
- 2. A mature female is a cow.
- 3. A young male is a bull.
- 4. A young female is a heifer.
- 5. A castrated male is a steer.
- 6. A newborn is a calf.
- 7. A group of cattle is a herd.
33How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- D. The following are common names of goats.
- 1. A mature male is a buck.
- 2. A mature female is a doe.
- 3. A young male is a buck kid.
- 4. A young female is a doeling.
- 5. A castrated male is a wether.
- 6. A newborn is a kid.
- 7. A group of goats is a herd.
34How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- E. The following are common names of sheep.
- 1. A mature male is a ram.
- 2. A mature female is a ewe.
- 3. A young male is a ram lamb.
- 4. A young female is a ewe lamb.
- 5. A castrated male is a wether.
- 6. A newborn is a lamb.
- 7. A group of sheep is a flock.
35How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- F. The following are common names of hogs/swine.
- 1. A mature male is a boar.
- 2. A mature female is a sow.
- 3. A young male is a shoat or
young boar. - 4. A young female is a gilt.
- 5. A castrated male is a barrow.
- 6. A newborn is a pig or piglet.
- 7. A group of hogs/swine is a drove.
36How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- G. The following are common names of chickens.
- 1. A mature male is a rooster.
- 2. A mature female is a hen.
- 3. A young male is a cockerel.
- 4. A young female is a pullet.
- 5. A castrated male is a capon.
- 6. A newborn is a chick.
- 7. A group of chickens is a flock.
37How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- H. The following are common names of turkeys.
- 1. A mature male is a tom.
- 2. A mature female is a hen.
- 3. A young male is a tom poult.
- 4. A young female is a hen poult.
- 5. A newborn is a poult.
- 6. A group of turkeys is a flock.
38How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- I. The following are common names of dogs.
- 1. A mature male is a stud.
- 2. A mature female is a bitch.
- 3. A young male is an intact.
- 4. A young female is a bitch.
- 5. A castrated male is a neuter.
- 6. A newborn is a puppy.
- 7. A group of dogs is a pack.
39How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- J. The following are common names of cats.
- 1. A mature male is a tom.
- 2. A mature female is a queen.
- 3. A castrated male is a gib.
- 4. A newborn is a kitten.
- 5. A group of cats is a bevy.
40How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- K. The following are common names of horses.
- 1. A mature male is a
stallion. - 2. A mature female is a mare.
- 3. A young male is a colt.
- 4. A young female is a filly.
- 5. A castrated male is a gelding.
- 6. A newborn is a foal.
- 7. A group of horses is a herd.
41How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?
- L. The following are common names of rabbits.
- 1. A mature male is a buck.
- 2. A mature female is a doe.
- 3. A newborn is a kit.
- 4. A group of rabbits is a group.
42(No Transcript)
43Review
- What is the history of animal domestication?
- What are the important segments of the animal
industry?
44Review
- What are the components necessary to provide
appropriate animal care and well-being? - How are common livestock and companion animals
classified?