World history Chapter 5

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World historyChapter 5

• Ancient Greece

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Section 1The Early Civilizations of Greece

• 20 minute video about Greece

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(No Transcript)
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The Geography of Greece

• Was a key factor in the development
• mountainous region of southeastern Europe
• Isolated the Greek people
• Numerous islands

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The Land, the Climate, and the Sea

• No great rivers---Little rainfall
• Dry, rocky soil
• grew barley, grapes, and olives
• raised pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens
• Food was scarce

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The Sea

• Most people lived within 40 miles of the
• sea
• Built great harbors
• became sailors, fishers, traders
• sent olive oil, wine, wool, and marble for
  grain and metals

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Early Greek Communities

• people separated by water and mountains
  developed different communities
• WESTERN CIVILIZATION civilization that developed
  in Europe spread to the Americas

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The Minoan Civilization

• Developed on the island Crete
• In the Aegean Sea
• No written record
• MONARCHY government with a single ruler, such as
  a king, queen, or pharaoh

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The Palace of Knossos

• built of stone around central courtyard used for
  royal family, worship, storerooms (for tax
  payments), workshops, large bathrooms, plumbing
  system
• Art was important in Minoan culture (frescoes)

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Peaceful Sea Traders

• interested in trade, not war conquest
• influenced Greek-speaking Mycenaean's
• culture mysteriously vanished around 1600bc
• Volcanic eruption ?

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The Mycenaean's Grow Powerful

• First Greeks to leave written records
• Dominated the mainland
• Ruled by Kings
• Conquered Knossos
• Leader of the Aegean Sea

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Mycenaean Palaces and Sea Traders

• Palaces
• thick walls, great hall, frescoes
• Trade
• pottery metalwork with Asia Minor, Syria,
  Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Sicily

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The Trojan War

• Mycenaeans other Greeks vs. Troy (on Asia
  Minor)
• Trojan prince Paris kidnapped sister-in-law of
  Mycenaean king, Helen
• 1250bc

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The Decline of Mycenae and the Age of Homer

• At Home and Abroad
• 1100bc Mycenaeans disappear writing trade stop
• Many Greeks left for Asia Minor, Sicily,
  Southern Italy, spread culture
• They took with them their culture and ideas

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The Iliad and the Odyssey

• long, epic, narrative poems by Greek poet Homer
• lliad
• Last few days of the Trojan Wars
• Odyssey
• The story of the long journey home of Odysseus
• The Greek hero of the war

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Greek Religion

• gods had human feelings form
• marble temples to honor gods goddesses
• People needed to please the Gods
• Zeus king of the gods
• Athena goddess of wisdom
• Live on Mt Olympus

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Section 2

• Greek City-States Rise to Power

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City state develop

• 800B.C. first Greek large political units formed
• Called Poliscity-state
• Completed against each other for control of land
  and trade

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The Foundations of the City-States

• ACROPOLIS highest part of a Greek city-state
  with fortress temple
• Agora marketplace with farmers shopkeepers,
  people discussed politics conducted business
• All city-states shared common language adapted
  Phoenician alphabet in 750bc shared common
  religion culture Olympic

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Citizenship

• Only free males
• Proud and loyal to their city-state
• Willing to give up their lives for their polis

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Governments of the City-States

• most city-states began as monarchies protected by
  citizen-soldiers
• soldiers wore helmets, armor, round shields
• ARISTOCRACY government in which the upper class,
  or a privileged few, rule
• OLIGARCHY government in which only a few
  powerful people rule, rule of the few
• 800bc tools became cheaper more available as
  they were made of iron Athens Sparta gained
  power

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Sparta Becomes a Military State a Spartan life
a life with few luxuries

• A Society of Soldiers- boys sent to train at age
  7 until 30
• 600s B.C. first Greek constitution
• governed by 2 military kings,
• 28-member council of elders (over age 60) (chose
  issues)
• lawmaking assembly voted on laws made up of all
  free adult males over 30 with 5 overseers
• Conquered people were helots, or slaves, who
  farmed the land

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Women of Sparta

• had more rights than other Greeks women
  inherited land
• girls received physical training some education
• Learned to run, wrestle, throw a javelin,

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Athenians and Their Right to Govern

• Government Reforms and Limited Democracy
• 800bc-700bc Athens grew quickly
• TYRANTS leader who gains power by forces later,
  a leader who rules ruthlessly
• 500 chosen men made up the council LEGISLATURE
  lawmaking body in government

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Continued.

• DEMOCRACY government that gives its citizens the
  ruling power, power from the people
• Slaves women had no power in government

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Education in Athens

• boys learned reading, writing, math, music,
  athletics, speaking
• only wealthy citizens were educated due to cost
• Athenians generally more educated than other
  Greeks

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Greek Unity in the Persian Wars

• Events in the Persian Wars
• 400s B.C. Greeks joined together against Persia
• 499BC Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against
  Persian rule
• Athens Sparta joined to beat Persians end
  Persian Wars

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The End of the Persian Wars

• ALLIANCE agreement between 2 or more people,
  groups, nations to cooperate with one another
• Delian League formed 478bc between 140 Greek
  city-states that had fought in Persian Wars lead
  by Athenians
• Peloponnesian League formed by Sparta

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Section 3 The Golden Age of Athens
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The Age of PericlesAthens becomes the richest,
most powerful city-state

• Expanding Democracy
• TRIBUTE payment given by one nation to another
  more powerful nation may be paid in exchange for
  protection Athens demanded tribute from members
  of the Delian League
• Classical Age 480bc-323bc when Athenian art,
  politics, literature flourished (refers to
  order, balance, harmony)
• DIRECT DEMOCRACY government in which citizens
  take part directly rather than through
  representatives belief of Pericles
• JURY group of people that considers the evidence
  in a trial makes a judgment

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Culture in the Golden Age

• Architecture and Art
• public buildings, like temples were large, homes
  were small
• most art was on practical pottery
• 450bc natural, fluid style of art developed with
  idealized forms

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Poetry, Drama, and History

• Earliest literature
• poetry poets include Homer, Sappho
• Greek Drama
• tragedies dealt with suffering misery
• Comedies
• poked fun at leaders their politics
• Women werent allowed to be actors
• female parts played by men

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Three Great Thinker Philosopher- lover of
wisdom

• Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
• asked what it means to lead a good life
• Socrates
• taught by going to the agora asking questions
• Was arrested sentences in death in 399bc

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• Plato, Socrates student, wrote about Socrates
  life, the ideal state, the ideal society, the
  nature of goodness and friendship, and the idea
  of truth founded school The Academy 387bc
• Aristotle, Platos student, went to Macedonia to
  tutor Alexander the Great, went to Athens set
  up school, Lyceum, taught to learn by
  observation, book Politics he praised the middle
  class

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The Peloponnesian War Plague and Starvation

• began in 412B.C. between Greek city-states,
  Athens Sparta
• 404bc Athens was starved surrendered to
  Spartan
• Aftermath
• Sparta won Peloponnesian War
• Athenian democracy lost energy corruption grew
  unity was lost

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Section 4Alexander builds a great empire
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The Rise of Macedonia

• Philip II Gains Control
• 404BC city-states continued to fight
• 359BC Philip II became king of Macedonia looked
  to Greece
• Philip defeated Greek city-states of Athens
  Thebes
• his son Alexander defeated the Sacred Band of
  300 Theban soldiers

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Alexander Takes the Throne

• Philip wanted to unit Macedonia Greece then
  defeat Persia
• ASSASSINATION murder of a leader for political
  reason
• Philip was assassinated his son Alexander
  became king at 20

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Alexander Builds an Empire

• 334bc Alexander leads army to attack Persia in
  Asia Minor
• Alexander is considered one of the greatest
  military leaders of ancient times
• They never lost a battle
• 331BC established Alexandria on northern coast of
  Egypt
• Army made it 11,000 miles into India before
  stopping

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Death and Division

• 323bc Alexander died at 33 from an infection or
  fever
• Empire was left to the strongest it was
  divided into 3 kingdoms
• Richest most powerful, Egypt, went to A
  Macedonian General Ptolemy I

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Hellenistic Civilization The Economy and the
Growth of cities

• Hellenistic Culture blend of Greek, Egyptian,
  Persian, Indian and other influences from
  323BC-146BC
• ASSIMILATION process of absorbing or taking on
  the cultural ideas or customs of another group
  and combining them into an existing culture
• the conquered people took on many Greek customs
• Use of money increased
• including real banks
• Alexandra, Egypt became a busy port and center of
  education with the worlds largest library

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Hellenistic Age

• ended when Greece was conquered by Rome
• Left an important impact on the world and the
  future

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The End