The Endocrine System

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The Endocrine System
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The Endocrine System

• Consists of
• Glands Tissue that secretes hormones
• Hormones Chemicals that are produced in ductless
  glands in one area and are sent to a specifically
  targeted area

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Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland
Thyroid Parathyroid Glands
Thymus Gland
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
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What does the endocrine system do?

• Regulate processes ? i.e. growth, development,
  reproduction
• Coordinate production, use, storage of ATP
  (energy)
• Maintain homeostasis- nutrition, metabolism,
  excretion, salt/water balance
• React to stimuli from outside body
• Send chemical messages to cells (specific target
  on cells membrane)
• Responds more slowly to stimuli than the nervous
  system

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How do hormones work within the body?

• Feedback mechanisms- bodys response to hormones

• Positive Feedback
• Continuous increase in desired response
• Example Child birth

• Negative Feedback
• At some point, reduction in desired response
• Examples
• Balance of glucose levels
• Maintaining water levels
• Maintaining appropriate speed of metabolism

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Malfunctions

• Hypersecretion- positive feedback ? more hormone
  than normal produced
• Hyposecretion- negative feedback ? less hormone
  than normal being produced

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Malfunctions

• Goiter
• Enlargement of thyroid gland
• Iodine deficiency

• Diabetes
• Insulin producing cells in pancreas destroyed
• Reduction in insulin produced
• Higher levels of glucose in the blood

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Malfunctions

• Hypothyroidism
• Less thyroid hormone produced by thyroid
• Fatigue
• Depression
• Weight gain/Water retention
• Hyperthyroidism
• More thyroid hormone produced by thyroid
• Weight loss
• Loss of hair
• Eyes bulge
• Fatigue
• Tremor