Habit

1
Habit

• Make a list of families in which all members are
  herbaceous.
• Make a list of families in which all members are
  woody.
• Which families contain members that are
  succulent?

2
Root and stem diversity

• Describe different types of roots and stems we
  have observed this semester.
• List the families where these can be found. Give
  examples of economically important roots and
  stems.

3
Leaf diversity (1 of 2)

• Make sure you can find the node, petiole, and
  stipules (if present) associated with a leaf.
• What terms are used to describe variation in the
  shape, apices, bases, and margins of the lamina
  and in attachment of the lamina to the shoot?
• Make sure you can identify parallel vs.
  reticulate venation as well as pinnate and
  palmate venation. Where could you find examples
  of these?

4
Leaf diversity (2 of 2)

• Make sure you know the terms to describe the
  arrangement of leaves on the shoot (opposite,
  alternate, etc.). Make a list of families with
  opposite leaves.
• Describe all of the complexity and modifications
  in leaves that you can recall, and where these
  were found in the plant kingdom. Examples
  compound leaves, tendrils, spines, pseudobulbs,
  sheathing stipules, plicate leaves.

5
Indumentum

• Describe the diversity we observed in hairs and
  the families where these features can be found.
  Examples stellate indumentum, hygroscopic hairs.

6
Inflorescences

• Make sure you can identify and describe or draw
  all the major inflorescence types solitary
  terminal and solitary axillary, spike, raceme,
  panicle, simple and compound umbels, head,
  dichasial and scorpioid cymes. Also special
  terminology associated with inflorescences such
  as spathe and spadix. Where could you find
  examples of all of these?

7
Perianth

• Make lists of families with many perianth parts,
  tri-merous, four-merous, and five-merous
  perianths. Are there any families that lack a
  perianth? What are tepals? Where would you find
  an example of tepals?
• What is a hypanthium and which subclass (-es)
  includes families with hypanthia?
• Make a list of families with sympetalous
  corollas.
• Make a list of families with zygomorphic flowers.

8
Androecium

• Which family (-ies) has/have stamens opposite the
  petals?
• Which family (-ies) has/have epipetalous stamens?
• Draw examples of mono-, and diadelphous stamens.
  Where can you find these? Draw tetradynamous
  stamens. Where can you find these?
• What are and where can you find connivent
  anthers?
• Where can you find anthers that dehisce by pores?
• What are and where can you find pollinia?
• What is protandry?

9
Gynoecium (1 of 2)

• Make sure you can distinguish between pistil,
  ovary, carpel, locule, ovule.
• Make a list of families that consistently have
  one carpel. Make lists for two, three, five, or
  many carpels.
• Make a list of families with syncarpous gynoecia.
• What is a stylopodium and where would you find
  one?
• Where would you find a forked style?

10
Gynoecium (2 of 2)

• Make a list of families with inferior ovaries.
• Make sure you can draw all the different types of
  placentation (in cross section) and name the
  families where the different types are found.
• Where and what is the angiosperm megagametophyte?

11
Fruits

• Which families did NOT have fruits? Why not?!
• Make sure you can ID all the different fruit
  types covered (including special terminology such
  as accessory, aggregate, and multiple fruits).
  You should be able to infer whether the ovary was
  superior vs. inferior, apocarpous vs. syncarpous,
  etc. from observing fruits.
• Which fruit types are characteristic for a
  particular family?

12
Subclasses

• Each lab (with the exception of the last) was
  organized to represent the various subclasses of
  angiosperms. Make a list of the families covered
  in each of the subclasses, and then list the
  characters that tie them together (see W K for
  guidance).

13
Taxonomists Beware!

• This is a quick list of family pairs that we
  think are easily confused with each other.
  Perhaps you can think of others. Make a chart
  comparing the distinguishing features of these
  family pairs.
• Cycadaceae and Arecaceae
• Piperaceae and Araceae
• Scrophulariaceae and Lamiaceae
• Cyperaceae and Poaceae
• Cupressaceae and Pinaceae
• Iridaceae and Liliaceae

14
Quick Non-Angiosperm Review(ferns and
gymnosperms) (1 of 2)

• Know the reproductive parts and where they are
  located on the plant.
• Be able to identify a leptosporangium and
  eusporangium.
• Using appropriate terminology, describe the
  different types of sori. Where would you find
  examples of these? Make sure can identify and
  know the difference between a true indusium and
  false indusium.

15
Quick Non-Angiosperm Review(ferns and
gymnosperms) (2 of 2)

• Be able to identify and use appropriate
  terminology to describe the various leaf types,
  and shoot types (e.g. long vs. short).
• What are the differences between a cycad cone
  and a pine cone? Are they bisexual or unisexual?
  Are they monoecious or dioecious?
• Why do gymnosperms have naked seeds? Which
  angiosperm organ is missing?

16
Economics (1 of 2)

• Where appropriate, list the economically
  important products derived for a particular
  family.
• Where appropriate, list the important cultivated
  members for a particular family.

17
Economics (2 of 2)

• Try to write some questions of your own such as
• Which family (-ies) is/are an important tourist
  attraction in Ithaca during autumn?
• Which family (-ies) would you use to build
  shelter if you lived in the tropics? Does this
  differ from North America?
• Which families have humans developed important
  medicines from (these are usually the very
  poisonous families as well!)?