Diapositiva 1

1
4- Home in Diverse Natural Environments.
- Regions and Buildings.

• Clues for a Comfortable Dwelling.

- A Traditional House on the Balearic Islands.
- A traditional House in Scotland.
- The Climates in the Tropics.
- The Rainforest. Building in the Humid Tropics.
- The Desert and the Savannah. - Building in Dry
and Hot Regions.
- Altitude Another Climatic Factor.
- Climate Change and Global Warming.
- Evaluation Dwellings and Cities in Different
Environments.
- Research paper A World Full of Architectonic
Treasures.
- Project Work.
Anselm Pagès Muñoz
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• Regions and Buildings.

A
B
1
Iceland
Catalonia
2
3
4
Vietnam
D
Morocco
C
Identify the characteristics of a traditional
house in a geographical region.
3
Clues for a Comfortable House.
Clues for a Comfortable House. The comfort of
dwellings depend on their location and on their
construction.
accessibility to water and food
The roofs
good orientation
Windows and wall openings
Walls
1- The functional and residential requirements of
a house are first of all determined by
________________________.
2- Giving a _______________________ to a
building can help to control the effects of sun,
wind and rainfall.
3- ______________________ should have different
inclinations if they are in dry or rainy regions
4- ____________________________let natural light
into the house, but they do not help to retain
heat inside the house.
5- _______________________can be made of
different materials and thicknesses.
4
A Traditional House on the Balearic Islands.

• Complete the text using
• In the Southern Mediterranean
• countries, houses have ___________
• and white washed walls.
• The ______________ explain
• the need to include water pipes that
• collect the water in tanks. This has
• proved to be essential during
• ___________ Summer months. The
• inclusion of thick walls and porches
• preserves the house from the
• _______________and at the same
• time helps ventilation at night.

relatively flat roofs
poor rainfall
the dry and hot
fierce sunlight
WATER TANK
Drawing Revista Descobrir 1998
5
A Traditional House in Scotland.
Complete the text using these expressions In
this Northern European country, there are
frequent rains and low temperatures. Scotish
houses used to have low ceilings with __________
and _________ walls so as to preserve the
__________. Thatch is an ideal roofing material
__________ in Summer and _________ in Winter.
warm
thatched roofs
cool
heat
thick
chimney
thatch
Central fire
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The Climates in the Tropics. The environment
conditions in the tropics fall into 2 broad
categories that can be in sharp contrast the
impenetrable rainforest versus the openness of
the savannah.
The Equator
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The Rainforest.
Complete using these words The warm, humid
regions and tropical rainforests, monsoon regions
and humid savannahs are ________________. The
rainforest is hot and humid with __________
yearly differences. The regions in the Southern
hemisphere have _________ 120-140 days of the
year. These conditions make life for people
difficult to tolerate. The vegetation is
impenetrable with wet ground, men need to clear
the forest so as to build their settlements. The
traditional materials for building in these
regions are timber, ___________ and grass or palm
fibres.
storms
on the Equator
bamboo
little
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Building in the Humid Tropics.
roof
thin walls
wood
marshlands
Lake Inde. Myanmar
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The Desert and the Savannah.
Complete using these words The
savannah regions have two seasons. The climate
can be either hot and dry or warm and humid.
These seasons vary from the Northern to the
Southern hemisphere. Deserts, semi-deserts,
steppes and dry savannahs are close
_________________________. These regions are
characterized by high pressure level, strong
solar radiation, dryness, low precipitation,
strong winds that cause sand storms and
___________ temperature differences between night
and day. The fertile ground is scarce and there
is practically no vegetation mainly high grass
and _________________________ with individual
trees. _________________ are traditional building
materials. They have good thermal insolating
qualities. Timber is not easily available and
must often be transported from other regions.
to the two tropics
Clay and stone
low thorny woods
extreme
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Building in Dry and Hot Regions.
Complete the text with these expressions
Picture source http//worldatlas.com/
Clay and stone
flat
temperatures
clusters and complex villages
narrow
crops

• Towns and villages in dry savannahs favour
• building in (1)_______________________
• that are sometimes erected in huge open
• territories. High temperatures and wind storms
• need to be countered with thick walls and
• (2)___________ streets so as to avoid sun
  exposure
• and high dryness. Roofs are almost (3) __________
• and often have means to collect rain water in
• tanks below. (4)_____________________________
• provide proper insulation in lands where
• (5)______________________________can change
• dramatically from day to night. Homes tend to
• be located in the most fertile lands to preserve
• (6)________________________________.

Sana. Yemen
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Altitude Another
Climatic Factor.Despite having a similar
proximity to the Tropic, some regions share very
diverse climates in relatively small areas. Peru
has regions that provide us with an example of
this dramatic climate diversity Look at the
pictures and decide where they belong to.
A- Next to the ocean coast the climate is
temperate with very scarce rains. B- As we climb
up the Andes and cross mountain passes over 4000
metres high, the rains are more frequent and it
is colder. C- Once we have crossed the Andes and
the high plateau, we descend into the hot and
rainy Amazon rainforest.
1
2
3
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Climate Change and Global Warming.
What is the main cause of Global Warming?
Global warming comes as a result of the rapid
increase of CO2 in the atmosphere.
What consequences can this phenomenon cause?
1- The Arctic Ocean could be ice free in summer
by 2050. Global sea levels could rise by more
than 20 feet with the loss of shelf ice in
Greenland and Antarctica, devastating coastal
areas worldwide. 2- The number of Category 4 and
5 hurricanes has almost doubled in the last 30
years. Heat waves will be more frequent and more
intense. Droughts and wildfires will occur more
often. Malaria has spread to higher altitudes in
places like the Colombian Andes, 7,000 feet
above
sea level.
Can you name one of the most recent climate
disasters?
Torrential rains in China, hurricanes in Japan
and in the Caribbean (Katrina. New Orleans)
ACTIVITY As a result of global warming,
traditional constructions in ordinary locations
may no longer be suitable.
a- Decide a city where you would build a
durable house. Locate it in a map. b- What
will it be like? Materials, structure,
appearance c- What sources of energy will it
use?
DVD. An Inconvenient Truth. By Al Gore.
www.climatechange.net http//www.panda.org/about_w
wf/what_we_do/climate_change/problems/cause/coal/d
irty_30/index.cfm
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Constructions in Different Environments.

• 1- Flat roofs and adobe walls.
• 2- Thatched roofs with palm leaves and
• bamboo.
• 3 Wooden floors and walls with slate roofs.
• 4- Stone walls and tile roofs with wall
  openings.

A
B
C
D
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Environments for Different
Constructions.1 Hot, dry, desert area with very
scarce rains and extreme temperature
changes.2 Temperate area with some rains in the
Spring and Autumn. 3- Cold region with
frequent rains and snow.4- Hot and rainy region
with slight temperature differences
throughout the year. 




B
A
D
C
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Regions and Cities. A- In a hot,
deserted or semi deserted region. B-
In a temperate climate region. C- In a cold
region. 



1
2
3
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Research paper A World Full of Architectonic
Treasures. Find out about these exceptional
villages. Some of them have heritage awards from
the United Nations.
Lunenburg.
Vlkolinec.
Safranbolu.
Bam.
Patan.
Essauira.
Antigua.
Vigan.
Lamu.
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• Project work Get the picture of a favourite
  building and tell us about its
• different
  environmental characteristics.  
• - Where is it?
• - What is the climate like?
• - Are there big differences throughout the year?
• - What kind of roofs does it have? Pitched roofs?
  Flat roofs?
• - What insulating materials are there on the
  roofs and façades?
• - Are they suitable for the location?
• - In what direction is it oriented? North,
  Northwest?
• - Is there a reason that explains this
  orientation? The urban plan,
• 
  the sun orientation, ()
• - Is it easy to distinguish in its location?
  ..
• - What colour is it? .
• - Are there any other houses like this one
  nearby in your town, region, country?
• - Has it got common shapes and decorative motifs
  from the region?
• - Is it protected in any way from sun, wind or
  rain?
• - Is it environmentally well adapted to the
  climate?
• - Have any modern devices been incorporated into
  the building to protect it from noise or cold
  temperatures?
•  

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• Project Work 2 What are the environmental
  characteristics of your town or city?
• Take photos, bring a map and
  locate it in its region.
• Use the following ideas to prepare a power-point
  presentation.
• How big is your city?
• What is citys surrounding like? Is it by the
  sea?
• Are there mountains around?
• Has the city a river or a lake?
• Does it follow a concentrated or a scattered
  model of growth?
• What is the average height of the buildings?
• Has the city a historical area?
• What are the main districts and activities?
• Is there a commercial area? A leisure centre? An
  industrial area?
• Is it mainly an old or a new city?
• Are the old houses well preserved?
• Are there any high-rises?
• Are the streets straight or curved?
• Are there gardens and parks?