Introduction to Biotechnology

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Introduction to Biotechnology

• Mrs. Kolobaric

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Why use it?

• What are some of the advantages to
  biotechnologies in genetics?
• They offer us advances in pharmacogenomics
• They allow individuals to identify problems early
  on
• They allow for identification of changes at the
  genetic level

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Why use it?

• What are some of the disadvantages to
  biotechnologies in genetics?
• They create ethical issues (euthanasia,
  abortions)
• WE DONT KNOW

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What is out there?

• The biotechnologies that we are going to look at
  in this presentation are as follows
• Amniocentesis
• Fetoscopy
• Ultra Sound
• Chorionic Villus Sampling
• PCR
• SDS-PAGE
• Adenovidus Vectoring (gene therapy)
• DNA Micro Array

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Amniocentesis

• What is amniocentesis
• It is a medical procedure used in
  _____________diagnostics
• A small amount of _______________ is sampled
• The fluid contains ______ tissue
• It is extracted through the amnion (sac)
• _____ is then examined for abnormalities

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Amniocentesis
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Amniocentesis Application
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Amniocentesis Application

• What can it be used for?
• __________________________________
• It can be used to identify genetic disorders,
  either from karyotyping or from genetic analysis
  (mapping of genome)
• Is this good or bad (talk about it with a
  partner, and then bring your ideas back to me)

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Some of the dangers

• ___________ can occur from the puncture
• Incomplete healing can cause _________ and
  infection of the amniotic sac

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Fetoscopy

• What is a fetoscopy
• This is an ___________ procedure that allows the
  medical professional access to the fetus,
  amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the
  fetal side of the placenta

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Fetoscopy

• What is it used for?
• It allows for medical interventions such as
• ______________
• Laser occlusion of damaged blood vessels

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Fetoscopy
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An important use

• It can also be used to perform ________
  _________________ of fetuses
• It can _______ the fetuses life
• It can also be a first step in identifying
  _______________________ that a fetus may have

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Dangers of fetoscopies

• The incisions may become ________
• __________ of the amniotic fluid into the body
  cavity may occur

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Chorionic Villus Sampling

• Is a form of _________ diagnostic testing
• It is used to identify prenatal ____________ and
  genetic disorders

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How it is done?

• A sample of the chorionic villus is taken and
  tested
• What is the chorionic villus?
• _________________________

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When it is done?

• Its advantage comes with its timing
• It can happen from weeks _________ after the last
  period
• This is a better technique than amniocentesis
  because that can only happen from weeks 15-18

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CSV Chorionic Villus Sampling
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Reasons for having it done

• Mother's age of _____ years or greater
• Abnormal first trimester screen results
• Increased ___________________ or other abnormal
  ultrasound findings
• Family history of a chromosomal abnormalities or
  other genetic disorders
• Parents are known ___________ for a genetic
  disorder

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UltraSound

• Is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency that is
  greater than that of human hearing

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UltraSound

• The production of ultrasound is used in many
  different fields
• It is used to penetrate a medium and measure the
  reflection signature
• This reveals information about the inner
  structure of the medium

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The old ultrasound
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The new ultrasound
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Other uses

• Studying the earth
• Cleaning teeth
• Breaking kidney/gull stones