Introduction and Historical Review of Biotechnology

1
Introduction and Historical Review of
Biotechnology

• Michael D. Peel
• NDSU

2
Recent history of transgenic crops

• Relative importance
• Farm community
• Public
• Non crop applications of biotechnology to think
  about

3
Transgenic crops test by year in the US
4
Testing of transgenic crops since 1987
5
Transgenic traits approved/no longer regulated
Product quality Herbicide tolerance Virus
resistance Insect resistance Agronomic properties
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Transgenic traits approved/no longer regulated
Product quality Herbicide tolerance Virus
resistance Insect resistance Agronomic properties
4
3
5
2
2
3
4
4
3
7
3
3
2
3
3
2
1
1
1
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Production of Transgenic crops in the US

• Major crops approved
• Corn
• Soybean
• Cotton
• Other approved crops
• Tomato
• Potato
• Sugar beet
• Canola
• Rice
• Plus others

8
Question?

• What are the benefits of biotechnology?

9
Benefits of Bt

• Corn
• Reduced insecticide use
• Reduced lodging
• Increased yield
• Cotton
• Reduced use of insecticides
• Harvestable crop

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Benefits to humans

• Molecular based diagnosis
• Breast cancer
• Parkinson's disease
• Hemochromotosis
• Genetic diseases in general
• Forensic
• Crime
• Identification of remains
• Improve nutrition
• Yellow rice
• Tomatoes high in lycopene, an antioxidant
• Higher starch potato, adsorbs less fat when fried

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We are seeing it in the Media

• PBS Frontline Xenotransplantation (3-27)
• Parkinson's, injection of fetal pig neuro cells
  into brain
• Liver failure, liver from a transgenic pig use
  until human liver available
• 60 Minutes II, (3-13)
• Transgenic Salmon

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What do all these terms mean
GMO
Transgenic
GEO
GMO's Are Bad, Bad, Bad
Genetically Engineered
Biotechnology will prevent starvation
GMP
Start Link
YAC
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Questions to consider

• How does biotechnology affect me?
• How will biotechnology affect my children?

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Program outline

• AM
• Understanding biotechnology
• PM
• Current status of transgenic crops
• Biotech products and health issues
• Regulation
• Breakout sessions
• Social issues
• Marketing