The Road To War

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The Road To War
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Talk about miscommunication.

• August 1810
• William Henry Harrison, Governor of the Indiana
  Territory, meets with Chief Tecumseh with 30
  members of the Shawnee nation looking on.

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• Harrisons Assistant says to Tecumseh, You
  father requests you sit by his side
• What do you think Harrisons assistant meant by
  this?
• What did Tecumseh feel it meant?

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What Tecumseh thinks.

• My Father! The Great Spirit is my Father!The
  earth is my motherHouses are made for white men
  to hold councils in. Indians hold theirs in open
  air.

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Tecumseh Wants to Push Back Settlers

• Remember almost one million settlers moved West
  of Appalachians by 1810.
• Many conflicts broke out between American Indians
  and the settlers.
• Treaties were made between the United States and
  the Indians, many times ignored.

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Treaty Of Greenville

• Made in 1795 between Miamis and other Indian
  Nations with the United States
• They gave up land that we call Ohio now and in
  return, they received 20,000 and promise of more
  money as long as there was peace.

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Tecumsehs Confederation

• Ohio became a state in 1803
• Settlers kept moving west into Indiana
• Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa (the
  Prophet) vow to keep settlers out.

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• In 1808, The Prophet builds a village for his
  followers along the Tippecanoe Creek in the
  Indiana Territory.
• Tecumseh organizes Indians into a confederation
  or league.

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Conflicts Between Settlers and American Indians
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Showdown at Tippecanoe

• In 1811, Harrison marched 1,000 soldiers against
  Prophetstown while Tecumseh was away.
• The Prophet led a surprise night attack against
  the troops.
• Both sides suffer heavy losses in this battle
  called Battle of Tippecanoe.

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Results

• Harrisons forcers defeated The Prophets forces
  and destroyed Prophetstown.
• Fighting with American Indians hurt relations
  between US and Britain.
• British were supplying guns and ammunition to
  Indians and encouraging them to attack US
  settlements.

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War hawks call for war

• Madison did not want war.
• Members of Congress from West and South (all but
  New England states) called for war.
• Nationalism-a devotion to ones country is what
  stirred the War Hawks.

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Reasons to go to war

• United States could seize Florida from British
  ally Spain
• Britain arming American Indians
• Britain seizing American ships
• Canada

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Congress Declares War

• British warships blockade American ports to stop
  trade with France.
• June, 1812 Madison asks Congress to declare war.

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War of 1812

• Britain was already in bitter fight with Napoleon
• At the same time US was unprepared for war.

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What did Jefferson do to the federal government
including Defense when he became President?
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Problems US had

• The United States Navy had only 16 ships. The
  British had a huge fleet.
• The United States Army was small and ill
  equipped. Many officers knew little about
  warfare.
• The government relied on volunteers, who were
  poorly trained and had little experience in
  battle. Many deserted.

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USS Constitution

• In August 1812, USS Constitution, Old Ironsides,
  win a battle with HMS Guerriere off the coast of
  Newfoundland

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http//www.dvidshub.net/video/140286/war-1812-bice
ntennial-uss-constitution.U2cQLxzP-tA
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War in the West

• War Hawks wanted to conquer Canada
• General William Hull moved American troops from
  Detroit into Canada.
• Canada had only a few troops led by British
  General Isaac Brock

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How Does Brock Win?

• He parades his soldiers in red coats..Why?
• He also leads Americans to believe a large number
  of Indians were fighting.

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Battle of Lake Erie

• 1813, Captain Oliver Hazard Perry built own ships
  and sailed his tiny fleet against the British
• After losing his own ship, he moves to another
  ship and Americans win battle.
• We have met the enemy and they are ours.

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http//www.dvidshub.net/video/140177/war-1812-war-
home.UYyA4xzP-58
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Tecumseh is Killed

• The British and their ally Tecumseh retreat from
  Detroit into Canada.
• General William Henry Harrison pursue them.
• Tecumseh died in the Battle of the Thames.
• Indian Confederation falls apart.

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Another Future President Gets Involved

• Andrew Jackson leads American troops in the Creek
  War.
• With the help of the Cherokees, Jackson wins a
  victory at Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
• Your people have destroyed my nation

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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vhavVF8kObo4
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British Burn Washington

• August 1814
• British came in from the Chesapeake Bay
• They marched to capital
• Dolly Madison gathered up papers and Washingtons
  portrait before leaving White House

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Fort McHenry

• From Washington, British march north toward
  Baltimore.
• Fort McHenry key to Baltimore defense
• September 13-14, 1814, British bombard harbor
• Francis Scott Key watched and wrote Star Spangled
  Banner

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https//www.youtube.com/watch?vCnRQ8-MMX28
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Battle of New Orleans

• Britain prepared to attack New Orleans in late
  1814.
• They hoped to sail up Mississippi
• Andrew Jackson waiting
• Jackson had help from Choctaw Indians, and
  citizens of New Orleans including hundreds of
  African Americans

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We win Battle after War is over

• American soldiers dug trenches.
• On January 8, 1815, Britain attacked.
• More than 2,000 British soldiers died. Only
  seven americans died.
• Andrew Jackson becomes hero

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https//www.youtube.com/watch?v6RYXYxlLKVw
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• The United States and Great Britain signed a
  treaty two weeks before the battle of New
  Orleans, ending the war.

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New Englanders Protest War

• The British blockade hurt New Englands sea
  trade.
• New Englanders feared that the United States
  might win land in Florida and Canada, which would
  become new states. That would make the South and
  the West more influential than New England.

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• Delegates from New England states met at the
  Hartford Convention, in Hartford, Connecticut.
  They threatened to leave the Union if the war
  continued.
• While the Hartford Convention was still meeting,
  news of a peace treaty arrived.

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TREATY OF GHENT

• The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812. It was
  named after the city in Belgium where it was
  signed. In the treaty, Britain and the United
  States agreed to go back to the way things were
  before the war.

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Treaty of Ghent

• John Quincy Adams American delegate helped
  negotiate treaty
• He summed up the treaty - Nothing was adjusted,
  nothing was settled.
• Britain and US restored pre-war conditions
• Treaty did not deal with issues of impressment or
  neutrality
• No land was gained/lost