Intro to Biology

1
Intro to Biology

• Big Ideas
• Scientific Theory is well supported
• All Living things have certain characteristics in
  common
• Organisms are organized/classified based on
  evolutionary relationships
• Themes of biology repeated through year

2
Do Now What are your thoughts on life?

• What is life?
• What components make up a living thing?
• What do living things need to survive?
• What is the opposite of life?
• Where does life begin?
• Where does life end?
• Is it moral to take someone elses life?
  (abortion, capital punishment, euthanasia)
• How many lives does a living thing have?
• Do you believe in reincarnation?
• How do you know if you are living?
• Is there life in outer space?
• Do you believe in life after death?
• Do you agree with altering the quality of life?
  (genetic engineering, pollution, medical
  technology)

3
Characteristics of Life

• Made of cells
• Unicellular or multicellular
• Reproduce
• Asexual or Sexual
• Based on genetic code (DNA)
• Grow Develop
• Metabolism the ability to obtain and use
  materials and energy via chemical reactions
• Respond to stimulus in the environment
• Homeostasis maintain a stable internal
  environment
• Evolution - living things change over time in
  response to the environment

4
How is Life organized?

• Create a poster depicting organization of life
• Start at Atom ? Biosphere
• Needs pictures, labels, and description at each
  level of organization

5
Living, nonliving, or dead?

• Some people avoid eating beef because they fear
  contracting mad cow disease, which is thought to
  be caused by a class of molecules called prions.
  These poorly understood molecules are a kind of
  protein that is able to infect the nervous
  system, eventually creating holes in brain
  tissue, leading to loss of mental and physical
  function and eventually to death. Prions are
  thought to spread their effects through the body
  like falling dominoes- by causing other normal
  molecules to mimic the prions shape and thus
  become infections prions themselves. Like a
  virus, prions can cause disease. A prion can
  multiply or reproduce itself by making other
  molecules mimic its shape and behavior. Prions
  can spread from one part of the body to another.
  Are prions alive? Why or why not?

6
Tree of Life
Domain Eukarya
7
Classification of Living things

• Over 1.5 million species identified
• Taxonomy system used to universally classify
  organisms
• Carolus Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature
• Kingdom? Phylum ? Class ? Order ? Family ? Genus
  ? Species
• Scientific Name Genus Species

8
Classification of Organisms

• Select any living or extinct organism
• Research its KPCOFGS (and cite sources)
• Title Common Name and Scientific Name (written
  properly)
• Create a Poster showing other organisms in
  classification scheme

9
Relativity of Wrong Discussion Questions

• What does relativity of wrong mean?
• According to the author, is the theory that the
  Earth is flat wrong?
• What is the difference between scientific theory
  and everyday use of the word theory?
• What limits scientific theory?
• Describe the nature of science

10
The Nature of Science

• Question the world around us
• Gather data to explain observations
• Use explanations to make predictions
• Hypothesis must be testable
• Ongoing process
• Impacts society
• Scientific Theory well tested explanation that
  unifies a broad range of observations

11
Microscopy

• History
• Anton von Leeuwenhoek refined microscopes,
  discovered bacteria, and microscopic life in
  water
• Robert Hooke looked at cork and coined term
  cell
• Important Factors
• Magnification enlarge image
• Resolution clarity of image
• As magnification increases, resolution decreases
• Types
• Compound Light Microscope
• Dissecting Light Microscope
• Electron Microscope
• Scanning
• Transmission

12
Calculating size of specimen

• Measure FOV in mm under low power
• Convert to micrometers (1mm 1,000 µm)
• Estimate size of specimen under low power

13
Unifying Themes of Biology

• Interdependence
• Energy Flow
• Organization
• Information and Heredity
• Unity Diversity of Life
• Evolution
• Structure and Function
• Homeostasis
• Science, Technology, and Society