Shift to Industrialization

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Shift to Industrialization

• Presentation created by Robert Martinez
• Primary Content Source Visions of America A
  History of the United States
• Images as cited.

mtholyoke.edu
talonssephr.edublogs.org
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In the early nineteenth century, the United
States began a transition from a predominantly
agricultural economy to an industrial one. This
process unfolded unevenly across different
sectors of the American economy and followed
different models depending on the industry and
region.
hallharbor.com
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Driven by new manufacturing technology and
techniques, industrialization led to a vast
increase in the number of goods everything from
clothing and shoes to tools and toys available
to the American consumer.
deargirlwallflower.com
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But for many workers, especially skilled
artisans, the new industrial economy led to a
devaluation of their skills and loss of social
status. For less-skilled workers
industrialization often meant exploitation, long
hours, and low pay.
socl120.files.wordpress.com
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For others, the new manufacturing economy opened
up opportunities for advancement.
dipity.com
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The group of workers most dramatically affected
by the onset of industrialization was artisans,
or workers who used specialized skills to produce
consumer goods, from shoes to bread to candles.
sutcliffegalleries.com
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In the colonial period skilled artisans worked in
small shops attached to their homes, using hand
tools to produce goods for local consumption.
yesteryearsnews.wordpress.com
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They also used an apprenticeship system, training
boys in their skills in exchange for their labor.
The relationship between artisan and apprentice
was close. Typically an apprentice lived in his
masters house, receiving food, clothing, and
education.
plattsnisbett.com
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In the new factory system first pioneered by
Samuel Slater in Rhode Island, the artisan system
of small-scale production was replaced with a new
set of roles owners, managers, and wage workers.
lotsofnoise.blogspot.com
/industrialrevolutioninamerica.com
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The owner provided the money for the enterprise,
the manager supervised the workers, and the
laborers did the actual work, which was usually
less skilled than the traditional crafts
practiced by skilled artisans.
red-grey.co.uk
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Some industries, such as textiles, shifted
relatively rapidly to the use of power-driven
machinery. Shoe production, in contrast,
continued to employ many manual laborers into the
1860s.
erih.net
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In both cases manufacturers undermined the old
craft traditions of artisans by breaking down the
productive process into simple steps that could
be performed by workers with minimal training.
yougamble.blogspot.com
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Factory work forced laborers to give up many
aspects of working-class culture. The work rhythm
of artisans before the rise of the factory
included periods of intense activity followed by
slack periods in which artisans might socialize
with one another, perhaps meeting in a tavern to
drink and discuss politics.
limerickwriter.wordpress.com
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Under industrialization the clock ruled. Factory
workers were required to follow a strict schedule
and perform at a steady pace day in and day out.
Beyond the rigid regulations of the workers day,
the factory robbed them of the pride of craft
associated with handmade goods.
www.uni.edu
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In contrast to artisan production, where a
skilled craftsman might create one-of-a-kind
pieces, factory goods were designed to be
identical. In addition to creating a labor force
of less skilled workers, the new system also led
to a sharp separation between home and workplace.
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Before 1800, most artisans in New York had
workshops attached to their homes, but by 1840,
two-thirds of them lived in one place and worked
in another. The factory system separated home and
workplace.
www.wallpaperhere.com
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Because factory made goods cost less to produce,
families of modest means could now afford items
once available only to the wealthy. Ordinary
Americans could now purchase furniture, clocks,
dishes, silverware, and the latest fabrics.
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