European Exploration of the

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European Exploration of the New World

• Who, What, When, Where, and
• WHY?

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Trade with the East

• Europe had been trading with Asia for hundreds of
  years
• This process took goods through the hands of many
  MIDDLEMEN, which causes the price to increase
• Europeans decided to try to reach the East by
  boat instead

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Confused Columbus

• Christopher Columbus thought that he could reach
  the East by sailing west (since world was
  round)
• King and queen of Spain sponsored his expedition
  in 1492
• Landed in Bahamas (San Salvador and Hispaniola),
  but thought he was in India (hence Indians)
• Described Americas as the New World

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Other Explorers

• John Cabot, sailing for English, discovered
  Newfoundland (Canada)

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Vasco de Gama sailed around Africa to India
(water route to Asia!)
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• Ferdinand Magellan sailed west to Asia in 1522
  (his ships circumnavigated the earth, but he died)

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• Sailors searched for a northwest passage- a
  water route through North America to Asia

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Spanish Exploration
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Famous Explorers

• Hernando Cortes
• Landed in Mexico
• Conquered the Aztec and became rich off of their
  gold and silver
• Hernando de Soto
• Marched through GA searching for gold (found
  none)
• Killed off many of the Native Americans through
  fighting and disease

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Spanish Missionaries

• Oldest city in United States St. Augustine,
  Florida
• Founded by Spanish missionaries
• Spain founded many missions on the sea islands of
  GA (first European settlers in GA)

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Rivalry

• Spain became rich off of gold and silver from its
  colonies in Central and South America
• Other European countries began to compete with
  Spain for these resources
• Rivalry eventually led Spain to attack England
  with its Armada

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• Spanish Armada was defeated by the English
• England became the unofficial king of the seas,
  known for its ships and sailors

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Settlement

• Spanish and French settlements in Central and
  South America were not at first meant to be
  permanent
• Men came to work in Americas, left families in
  Europe
• Many marry native women
• Use slave labor to grow/harvest/mine resources to
  send back to motherland

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Labor sources

• Paying Europeans wasnt cost effective
• Found labor in the form of slavery
• Native American slaves died from disease or ran
  away
• African slaves lived longer
• Indentured servants- another source of labor in
  English settlements

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English settlement

• English made 12 colonies along east coast of
  North America
• Colonists came for many reasons religious
  freedom, get rich, own land
• Englands aim mercantilism
• export more than it imported
• Used Americas raw materials and sold finished
  products to colonists

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Jamestown, Virginia

• First permanent English settlement
• Founded to mine gold (there was none)
• Arrived too late to plant crops (some died of
  starvation)
• Settled next to swamp colonists died of malaria
• Of 104 settlers, only 38 survived first year

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• Jamestown eventually became prosperous because of
  tobacco

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Guns, Germs, and Steel

• Exchanges took place between Old World and New
  World

From Old World From New World
Horses, cattle, chickens, pigs, wheat, rice, sugar cane, coffee, diseases (malaria, small pox, influenza, measles, mumps, scarlet fever, plague, etc), metals Corn, potato, peanuts, pumpkins, turkey, vanilla, chocolate, cotton, tomatoes, squash, pineapple, disease (syphilis)