Urban Sprawl

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Urban Sprawl

• Where Will It End?

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What do these areas have in common?

• Hickory Woods
• Partridge Farms
• Meadowlands
• What they have in common
• Houseslots of houses
• All are housing developments.
• Name after the types of land that were cleared in
  order to build new homes.
• No more woods, farms, or meadows.

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Urban Developments

• For many decades, urban development around the
  world and especially in the United States
  Canada has been moving out from cities to
  suburbs.
• It is an area of housing built at the edge of a
  city.
• Developers create suburbs by buying up farmlands
  or forested areas outside a city.
• Used for housing tracts, shopping centers, and
  office parks.
• Only way to get there is through traffic-clogged
  roads.

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Problems

• Rapid and often poorly planned spread of cities
  and suburbs is known as urban sprawl, where they
  move outward into rural areas.

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The Geographic Setting

• Smaller cities or towns with open land between
  them and the central city are called exurbs. The
  city, its suburbs, and exurbs link together
  economically to form a functional area called a
  metropolitan area.
• A megalopolis is formed when several metropolitan
  areas grow together.
• Examples Boston, New York, Philadelphia,
  Baltimore, and Washington, D.C.
• Urbanization, the growth in the number of cities
  and the resulting changes has occurred because
  more people moved to cities to find work.

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Land Use Patterns

• The land in cities is used for residential,
  industrial, and commercial purposes. The core of
  a city is almost always based on commercial
  activity. The area of commercial activity is the
  citys central business district (CBD)
• Cities have various functions, including to
  provide retailing, entertainment, transportation,
  business, education, and government services.
  Cities also often provide wholesaling,
  manufacturing, residential, recreation,
  religious, and social services.

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Concentric Zone Model

• Urban core The older part of a city. CBD
• Urban fringe the ring of small towns and suburbs
  that surround a big city.
• Rural fringe the small towns, farms, and open
  spaces that lie just beyond a citys suburbs.

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The Concentric Zone Model The Concentric ring
model also known as the Burgess model is one of
the earliest theoretical models to explain urban
social structures. It was created by sociologist
Ernest Burgess in 1925.
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Multiple Nuclei Model

• The multiple nuclei model is an ecological model
  put forth by Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman in
  the 1945 article "The Nature of Cities." The
  model describes the layout of a city. It notes
  that while a city may have started with a central
  business district, similar industries with
  common land-use and financial requirements are
  established near each other. These groupings
  influence their immediate neighborhood. Hotels
  and restaurants spring up around airports, for
  example. The number and kinds of nuclei mark a
  city's growth.
• The theory was formed based on the idea that
  people have greater movement due to increased car
  ownership. This increase of movement allows for
  the specialization of regional centers (eg. heavy
  industry, business park). There is no clear CBD
  in this type of model.
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_nuclei_model

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Sector Model

• The sector model also known as the Hoyt model was
  proposed in 1939 by economist Homer Hoyt. It is a
  model of urban land use and modified the
  concentric zone model of city development. The
  benefits of the application of this model include
  the fact it allows for an outward progression of
  growth however, like all models of urban form its
  validity is limited.
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_model