CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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• CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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• The big picture

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• Glycolysis only releases a small amount of energy
  (about 10) available in glucose the cell need
  oxygen to convert the rest of the chemical energy
  to ATP
• Using oxygen is termed aerobic respiration
  more ATP (energy) is made

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• THREE STAGES OF CELLULAR (OR AEROBIC) RESPIRATION
• GLYCOLYSIS
• KREB CYCLE
• ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

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CYTOPLASM
MITOCHONDRIA
MITOCHONDRIA
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• Start with pyruvic acid (3 carbon molecule) from
  glycolysis
• Pyruvic acid has to go through a preparatory step
  prior to entering the Kreb cycle

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• Carbon dioxide is released from each pyruvate and
  H is added to NAD to form NADH
• 2-Carbon acetyl group that is left is added to Co
  enzyme A
• These form acetyl Coenzyme A which then enters
  the Kreb cycle

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KREB CYCLE TAKES PLACE HERE
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Write only what is in a box!
5-Carbon molecule
4-carbon molecule
ADP ? ATP
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• Electron carriers NAD and FAD
• Can acccept high energy electrons and pass them
  along to another molecule

NAD

H high energy electrons
NADH
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• KREB CYCLE
• Makes NADH FADH2
• These are hydrogen electron carriers
• Also makes 2 ATP (one for each original acetyl
  Co A) and release CO2

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• FOR EVERY GLUCOSE MOLECULE SPLIT DURING
  GLYCOLYSIS
• TWO ACETYL FRAGMENTS ARE PRODUCED
• IT TAKES TWO TURNS OF KREBS TO COMPLETELY
  OXIDIZE GLUCOSE

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• NADH and FADH2 now go through electron transport
  chain, which is a series of special molecules
  embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

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• ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM
• Takes place in the mitochondria
• Requires oxygen
• Provides net gain of 32 ATPs

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• As electrons move down the electron transport
  chain, their energy level is reduced. This
  energy is used to produce ATP. Enough energy is
  generated to produce 32 ATPs.

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• At the end of the electron transport chain, the
  energy poor electrons combine with oxygen and
  hydrogen to make water. So, oxygen is required
  for this process to work. Oxygen MUST be there
  to accept the electrons after they go through the
  electron transport chain.

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• Electron transport animation

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• ENERGY AND FOOD
• Other foods besides glucose can go through the
  Kreb cycle
• Goal is still to make ATP