Cellular Respiration

1
Cellular Respiration

• Making ATP/ energy

2
What is it?

• Cell Respiration is an exchange of gases to
  produce _________ (by breaking down glucose)
• ATP is made _____________________

3
Aerobic Respiration

• _________________________________
• This occurs in three separate stages
• Glycolysis
• Krebs Cycle
• Electron Transport Chain

4
(No Transcript)
5
Glycolysis

• First stage of both ___________ and
  ______________ respiration
• Occurs in the _______________
• Uses ATP to split glucose into _________
• This produces ATP and NADH
• Chemical formula of glycolysis
• _____________________________________
• If there is O2 this moves into the mitochondrial
  membrane

6

• 1 Glucose yields 2 pyruvate
• 2 ADP yields 2 ATP
• 2 NAD yields 2 NADH
• glycolysis

7
(No Transcript)
8
The Krebs Cylce

• The 2 pyruvate sugars are then transported into
  the mitochondria - where the 3 carbon sugar is
  then converted to acetate and CO2 is released
• When acetate attaches to a coenzyme Acetyl coA
  is made to start the Krebs Cycle

9
Citric Acid Cycle

• The Krebs cycle runs twice for every one glucose
• 2acetyl coA 2oxaloacetate
• 4CO2 6 NADH 2FADH2 2 ATP
• 2 oxaloacetate

10
Krebs/ Citric Acid summary

• Krebs Cycle make ____ ATP for every ________
  molecule
• Sends NADH and FADH2 onto the ETC
  (_______________________)
• Takes place in the ____________ matrix
• Although does not require energy the by products
  do to go through ETC

11

• The net gain is
• ____ NADH
• ____ ATP
• ____ FADH2
• Krebs animation

12
Mitochondria
13
Krebs Cycle
14
Electron Transport Chain

• For every 2 NADH molecules 1 oxygen molecule is
  reduced to 2 molecules of ___________
• ATP synthase uses energy of an existing ion
  gradient to power ATP ____________

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
ETC

• Meaning Hydrogen goes through the membrane of
  the mitochondria now that all the H is on one
  side there is an unequal gradient (high to low)
  they flow through the uniport proton pump so that
  ATP can be made.
• animation

18
So what is the total ATP made at the end of
AEROBIC Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration means you broke down glucose
  using O2
• The formula is
• C6H12O6 6O2 6 CO2 6 H2O 36ATP
• But if we said that 2 ATP were made in glycolysis
  and 2 were made in Krebs cycle the rest that was
  made was NADH and FADH2 where is the rest of the
  ATP made????

19

• Like we said the H is pumped through the
  mitochondrial membrane so that ATP can be made
• So if we were to look at a pix to summarize where
  all the ATP was made it would look like this----

20
(No Transcript)
21

• ETC

22
What if there is no Oxygen?

• Well then, we cant do aerobic respiration but
  we still need energy (or ATP). So now we do
  ANAEROBIC meaning without oxygen.
• The first step is still the same Glycolysis
  makes pyruvate

23

• In lactic acid fermentation pyruvate is converted
  to NADH to form lactate with no release of CO2
• Used to make yogurt and other dairy items
• Muscle cells also do this in times of oxygen
  deprivation
• In alcohol fermentation pyruvate is converted to
  ethanol or ethyl alcohol.
• Yeast and fungus do this