CHAPTER 16

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16.2 Essential Question (EQ) gtgt
Portfolio p92 ltlt What was life like for soldiers
during the Civil War?
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Copy the following chart on Portfolio p91
Who Fought How They Were Trained
What Hardships They Faced How New Technology Affected Soldiers
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CHAPTER 16 THE CIVIL WAR BEGINSSection 2
Life in the Army

• Today we will discuss Civil War soldiers, their
  military training, and the hardships of army
  life.

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What is hygiene?

• Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that
  promote health.

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What is drill?
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Whats the difference between infantry and
cavalry?
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What We Already Know

• The Confederate victory at the Battle of
  Bull Run thrilled the South.

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What We Already Know

• Lincoln sent the 90-day militias home and called
  for a real army of 500,000 volunteers for three
  years.

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What We Already Know

• Volunteers rushed to enlist on both sides, many
  fearing the war would be over before they could
  join the fight.

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Those Who Fought

• 18-30-year-olds
• About half on both sides were farmers.
• Many were immigrants, especially from Germany and
  Ireland.
• African Americans saw the war as a way to end
  slavery.
• At first neither the North nor the South accepted
  blacks into their armies.
• Native Americans served on both sides.

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Those Who Fought

• Why did 2 million soldiers serve the Union, and
  almost 1 million serve the Confederacy?
• Adventure and glory
• Escape from boredom
• Friends and neighbors were volunteering.
• Recruitment money
• Loyalty to their country or state
• For blacks, to end slavery

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13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

1. Most were 18-30 years old.
2. Many were immigrants.
3. Most were farmers.
4. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.
5. Many were free blacks.

Choose all that are true!
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13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

1. Most were 18-30 years old.
2. Many were immigrants.
3. Most were farmers.
4. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.
5. Many were free blacks.

Choose all that are true!
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13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

1. Most were 18-30 years old.
2. Many were immigrants.
3. Most were farmers.
4. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.
5. Many were free blacks.

Choose all that are true!
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13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

1. Most were 18-30 years old.
2. Many were immigrants.
3. Most were farmers.
4. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.
5. Many were free blacks.

Choose all that are true!
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Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil
War?
Choose the one that is NOT true!
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Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil
War?

1. Many African Americans wanted to fight in the war
   as a way to end slavery.
2. Many enlistees hated what the other side stood
   for, and wanted to kill as many enemy soldiers as
   possible.
3. Some farmers and factory workers saw the war as
   an adventurous way to escape a life of boredom.
4. Some fought out of loyalty to their nation or
   belief in its cause.
5. Some enlisted to get the recruitment money
   offered by both sides.

Choose the one that is NOT true!
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Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil
War?

1. Many African Americans wanted to fight in the war
   as a way to end slavery.
2. Many enlistees hated what the other side stood
   for, and wanted to kill as many enemy soldiers as
   possible.
3. Some farmers and factory workers saw the war as
   an adventurous way to escape a life of boredom.
4. Some fought out of loyalty to their nation or
   belief in its cause.
5. Some enlisted to get the recruitment money
   offered by both sides.

Choose the one that is NOT true!
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Turning Civilians into Soldiers

• Lived in tents and log huts
• Heavily scheduled day of drill and duties
• Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc.
• Problems with uniforms
• Food and supply problems

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Hardships of Army Life

• Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured
  hunger, cold, dirty living conditions, constant
  sickness, poor medical treatment, and bad hygiene.

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Hardships of Army Life

• Soldiers exposed to the weather
• Unsanitary camps
• Weeks between baths and clean clothes
• Lice and fleas spread disease
• Poor hygiene led to illness
• Contaminated food and water
• Poor medical care
• More than twice as many soldiers died from
  disease than battle wounds.

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So, why?
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Antibiotics and antiseptics did not exist yet.
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The problem was not a lack of knowledge about
sterilization and cleanliness, it was the ability
to stay sterile and have clean water for
drinking, laundry, bandages, and sterilizing
hands and instruments. Water, or the lack of
clean water, was the MAIN culprit.
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Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to
endure all the following EXCEPT

1. boredom and hunger.
2. cold, dirty living conditions.
3. constant sickness.
4. poor medical treatment.
5. incompetent military leadership.

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Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to
endure all the following EXCEPT

1. boredom and hunger.
2. cold, dirty living conditions.
3. constant sickness.
4. poor medical treatment.
5. incompetent military leadership.

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What was the main cause of death in the Civil War?

1. Suicide
2. The Minié ball
3. Snakebite
4. Disease
5. Ironclads

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What was the main cause of death in the Civil War?

1. Suicide
2. The Minié ball
3. Snakebite
4. Disease
5. Ironclads

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15. Why was disease the main cause of death in
the Civil War?

1. poor diet
2. contaminated water and food
3. exposure to cold and rain
4. unsanitary conditions
5. intentional exposure to germs by the enemy

Choose the one that is NOT true!
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15. Why was disease the main cause of death in
the Civil War?

1. poor diet
2. contaminated water and food
3. exposure to cold and rain
4. unsanitary conditions
5. intentional exposure to germs by the enemy

Choose the one that is NOT true!
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Changes in Military Technology

• Rifles
• Minié balls
• Ironclads

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Changes in Military Technology

• A rifle is a gun with a grooved barrel that
  causes a bullet to spin through the air, giving
  the bullet more distance and accuracy.

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Accuracy of the old style smoothbore
muskets had an effective range of 75-100
yards The newer rifles had an effective
range of 500 yards.
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Changes in Military Technology
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Changes in Military Technology

• A minié ball is a bullet with a hollow base,
  which expands upon firing to fit the grooves in
  the rifle barrel.

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75 of soldiers who received an amputation
survived
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Wounded by minie ball
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Minie ball bone damage
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chloroform was standard issue for every doctor.
The use of chloroform allowed for doctors to
successfully amputate with the patient
unconscious.
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Changes in Military Technology

• Tactics like cavalry charges and infantry
  assaults didnt work as well as before.
• The increased range and accuracy of the rifle
  allowed defenders to shoot charging attackers
  before they could reach their position.

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Changes in Military Technology

• An ironclad is a wooden warship covered with iron
  plates.

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CSA Iron Clad in battle with USN wooden frigate
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USS Monitor and CSS Virginia
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Turret 8 layers of 1 inch iron-plates all
bolted ogether9 feet tall
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U.S.S. Cairo Iron
Clad River-boat
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U.S.S. Cairo Iron
Clad River-boat
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The first battle between ironclads took place on
March 9, 1862.

• The CSS Virginia battled the USS Monitor for four
  hours, before sailing away.

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16. What new technology was introduced during the
Civil War?

1. the minié ball
2. ironclad ships
3. land mines
4. poison gas
5. rifles
6. explosive rockets

Choose all that are true!
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16. What new technology was introduced during the
Civil War?

1. the minié ball
2. ironclad ships
3. land mines
4. poison gas
5. rifles
6. explosive rockets

Choose all that are true!
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16. What new technology was introduced during the
Civil War?

1. the minié ball
2. ironclad ships
3. land mines
4. poison gas
5. rifles
6. explosive rockets

Choose all that are true!
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How did use of the rifle and minié ball change
combat tactics in the Civil War?

1. Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more
   bullets, causing higher enemy casualties.
2. Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier
   the firepower of five men fighting in earlier
   wars.
3. Their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry
   charges and traditional assaults into slaughter.
4. They struck their targets with greater
   destructive force and made stronger defensive
   fortifications necessary.

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How did use of the rifle and minié ball change
combat tactics in the Civil War?

1. Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more
   bullets, causing higher enemy casualties.
2. Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier
   the firepower of five men fighting in earlier
   wars.
3. Their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry
   charges and traditional assaults into slaughter.
4. They struck their targets with greater
   destructive force and made stronger defensive
   fortifications necessary.