Ch 11 Section 2 Fungi

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Ch 11 Section 2 Fungi
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Fungi

• Eukaryotic consumers
• Come in a variety of shapes, sizes and colors

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Hidden from View

• Hyphae- chains of cells that make up
  multicellular fungi
• Mycelium- a twisted mass of fungal hyphae that
  have grown together

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Consumers

• Fungi are consumers
• that cannot eat or engulf food.
• They must live on or
• near their food supply

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Getting Food

• Most fungi obtain nutrients by secreting
  digestive juices onto the food source, then
  absorbing the dissolved substances
• Many are decomposers

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Roots with fungi

• Some fungi live in symbiotic relationships with
  other organisms
• On roots of plants produce acid to change the
  minerals in the soil

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Fungi cytoplasm

• Holes in the cell walls of fungi allow the
  cytoplasm to move between cells throughout the
  organism

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Reproduction

• Asexual or sexual
• Asexual
• Hyphae breaks apart and each new piece becomes a
  new individual
• Production of spores

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Reproduction

• Spores a small reproductive cell protected by a
  thick wall
• Sexual
• Fungi produce sex cells from special structures
  that join to form new individuals

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Kinds of Fungi

• Threadlike Fungi
• Molds- a shapeless, fuzzy fungus
• Most live in the soil and are usually decomposers

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Threadlike fungi

• Reproduce asexually by forming sporangia,
  extensions of the hyphae that produce spores

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Threadlike Fungi

• Reproduce sexually by hyphae from different
  individuals join and develop into specialized
  sporangia

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Sac Fungi

• Largest group of fungi, includes yeast, powdery
  mildew, truffles and morels
• Reproduces sexually by forming a sac called an
  ascus
• Sexually produced spores develop within the sac

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Yeast

• Most are multicellular but yeasts are single
  celled
• Yeast reproduce asexually by budding, a new cell
  pinches off from an existing cell

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Uses

• Yeast is used for making bread
• Truffles and morels are prized edible sac fungi

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Club Fungi

• Most familiar group
• Umbrella shaped
• During sexual reproduction, special hyphae
  develop and produce clublike structures called
  basidia

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Club Fungi

• Sexual spores develop inside the basidia
• The mushroom you know is only the sexual spore
  forming part of the organism which form at the
  edge of the mass of hyphae, usually in a circle

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Club Fungi

• Most familiar, basidia form in the grooves or
  gills under the mushroom cap
• Other types of club fungi include bracket fungi,
  puffballs, smuts, and rusts

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Imperfect Fungi

• Includes the fungi that doesnt fit into the
  other groups
• Do not reproduce sexually
• Most are parasites that cause disease in plants
  and animals

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Imperfect Fungi

• Athletes foot fungus on the skin
• One kind produces a toxin called aflatoxin, which
  can cause cancer
• Used to make penicillin, cheese, soy sauce and
  citric acid for soft drinks

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Lichens

• Combination of fungus and an alga that grow
  intertwined and exist in a symbiotic relationship
• Producers

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Lichens

• Resist drying out because they are protected by
  the fungi cell wall
• Need only water, air and minerals, so they can
  grow on rocks

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Lichens

• They produce acids that break down the rock and
  cause cracks, which become filled with bits of
  rock and dead lichens, making soil for other
  things to grow on

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Lichens

• Absorb water and minerals from the air, making
  them sensitive to air pollution