Nutrition

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Nutrition
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Objectives

• Name the six classes of nutrients.
• Identify the functions and food sources of
  carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
• Describe the need for enough fiber in your diet.
• Identify one health disorder linked to high
  levels of saturated fats in the diet.
• Describe how diet can influence health.

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What Is Nutrition?

• The science or study of food and the ways in
  which the body uses food.
• Nutrients are the substances in food that provide
  energy or help form body tissues and are
  necessary for life and growth.

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Proper Diet

• Along with exercise, a proper diet is essential
  for weight control and physical fitness.
• How you eat has a huge impact on your physique
  and how your body metabolizes food.

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Six Classes of Nutrients

• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water

• A Balanced Diet To be healthy, you need the
  right amount of nutrients from each class.

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What makes a calorie

• 1g carbohydrate 4 calories.
• 1g protein 4 calories.
• 1g fat 9 calories.

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Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates are energy-giving nutrients that
  include sugars, starches, and fiber.
• Sugars are the simplest form of carbohydrates.
• Starches are more complex carbohydrates that can
  be broken down into sugars.
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vrqbomTIWCZ8

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Carbs Continued

• Glycogen is a form of carbohydrate your body uses
  for short-term energy storage.
• Fiber is a complex carbohydrate that provides
  little energy and cannot be digested. However,
  fiber is important to keep your digestive system
  healthy.

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Simple Carbohydrates

• Single and double sugars
• Broken down easily for rapid energy
• End in ose
• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides

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Simple Sugars

• Glucose is a single sugar
• Fructose, lactose and sucrose are double sugars
  and are linked with glucose
• Glycogen quick energy stores
• If you eat more than your body needs it is stored
  as fat

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Starches and Fiber

• Starches plant foods (potatoes, beans, peas, and
  grains such as rice corn and wheat).
• Fiber provides little energy and is
  indigestible.
• Keeps your digestive tract healthy.
• Soluble fiber dissolves in water. Helps trap
  cholesterol.
• Insoluble fiber add bulk to waste.

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Fats

• Fats are the bodys main form of long-term energy
  storage.
• Fats are large molecules made up of fatty acids
  and glycerol.
• Fatty acids are long chains of carbon atoms
  attached to hydrogen atoms.
• Fats are classified by the types of fatty acids
  they contain.

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Saturated Fat

• Saturated fats contain saturated fatty acids.
• Saturated fats are usually solid at room
  temperature. They come from foods such as meat
  and milk.
• Eating too many saturated fats can lead to
  obesity, high cholesterol levels, and increased
  risk of heart disease.

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Unsaturated Fat

• Unsaturated fats contain unsaturated fatty acids.
• Unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room
  temperature. They come from foods such as oils
  and fish.

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Trans Fat

• An unhealthy substance made through the chemical
  process of hydrogenation of oils. Hydrogenation
  solidifies liquid oils and increases the shelf
  life and the flavor stability of oils and foods
  that contain them.

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Uses For Fat

• Energy
• Insulation
• Padding for organs
• Cell membranes
• Carry fat soluble vitamins
• Hormones
• Growth
• Skin

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Cholesterol

• Found in all animal tissues.
• You make it and you eat it.
• Cholesterol is necessary for certain essential
  functions in the body.
• Low-density lipoprotein brings cholesterol to
  the body cells.
• When your LDL is too high plaque is deposited on
  the walls of blood vessels.
• LDL bad cholesterol.

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Cholesterol Continued

• High-density lipoprotein carries cholesterol
  back to the liver for elimination
• HDLgood cholesterol

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Which Fat?

• You need fat in your diet
• Too much is bad!!!!
• Limit saturated fats, cholesterol, and trans fats
• Focus on unsaturated fats
• 25-35 of your diet should come from fat
• 1 gram of fat 9 calories

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Protein

• Proteins are made of amino acids, which are used
  in building and repairing structures in the body.
• Proteins are also needed for hormones, enzymes,
  and other essential molecules.

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Protein Continued

• Essential amino acids are nine amino acids that
  the body cannot produce on its own.
• Complete proteins are dietary proteins that
  contain all the essential amino acids.
• Incomplete proteins do not contain all the
  essential amino acids.

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Uses for Proteins

• Body building nutrient
• Build repair tissue
• Hormones, enzymes, antibodies
• Energy
• Americans get too much protein
• Excess stores as fat
• 1 gram of protein 4 calories

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Metabolism

• Metabolism is the sum of the chemical processes
  that take place in your body to keep you alive
  and active.
• Metabolism requires energy from carbohydrates,
  fats, and proteins.
• The energy in food is measured in calories.

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What Is a Calorie?

• A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise
  the temperature of a liter of water 1 degree.
• Relax. It is just a scientific way to measure
  energy.

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What Do You Need to Know About Calories?

• Think about what you regularly eat,
• What your calorie needs are,
• And how to count calories.
• It takes approximately 3,500 calories below your
  calorie needs to lose a pound of body fat.
• It takes approximately 3,500 calories above your
  calorie needs to gain a pound.

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Calories Countand They Come From Both Food and
Beverages.

• When eating packaged foods (for example, frozen,
  canned, and some prepared foods from the grocery
  store), counting your calories is easyit's on
  the nutrition facts label.
• When eating foods that do not have a nutrition
  facts label, you should pay attention to portion
  size.

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Fat
Protein
Carbohydrate
We need food for energy
Carbohydrate
Fat
As we eat, our body uses that energy for all
processes and energy for exercise
Carbohydrate
Protein
Some nutrients that we do not use is stored
temporarily as glycogen
Fat
Protein
Protein
Fat
Carbohydrate
If we do not exercise our bodies will convert the
energy into FAT
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Can You

• Name the six classes of nutrients.
• Identify the functions and food sources of
  carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
• Describe the need for enough fiber in your diet.
• Identify one health disorder linked to high
  levels of saturated fats in the diet.
• Describe how diet can influence health.

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The End

• No Applause Is Necessary