The beginning

1
The beginning

• The mistakes

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The sides

• The Axis Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan, other
  countries (Soviets for a short while)
• The Allies Britain, France, U.S., Soviets,
  China, other countries

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Aggression

• League of Nations weak unable to have a
  backbone
• 1933-1936 Hitler works to rebuild Germany
  increases military
• Works to unify Germanic people (Reich)
• 1935 reclaims Saar region under French
• 1936 sends troops to Rhineland
• Mussolini invades Ethiopia

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Spain

• Spanish Civil War sees rise of fascism
• Hitler and Mussolini send help
• Franco rises to power
• Britain, France, U.S. stay silent

6
Appeasement

• France and Britain follow policy of appeasement
  with goings on in Europe
• Led to more aggressive behavior, boldness
• Policy was attempt to avoid horrors of WWI
• Strong Germany viewed as buffer against Soviet
  Union

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FDR pursued a Good Neighbor Policy with Latin
America and worked to improve relations with
Soviets Working to improve domestic issues, U.S.
embraces isolationism 1938, Hitler brings Austria
into the Reich calls the union the
Anschluss In the fall Hitler turns to the
Sudetenland (western Czechoslovakia) Munich
Conference Prime Minister Chamberlain and
French Premier Daladier sacrifice Sudetenland to
Hitler in order to keep the peace Chamberlain
states that the Munich Pact would preserve peace
for our time (a time that proves to be all of 11
months
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How we get involved

• Japans aggressiveness concerned Americans FDR
  warns we cant remain isolated suggests we form
  informal alliances
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v-V61rc73NQs
• (1300)

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Europes Road to War

• Spring 1939 Hitler absorbs rest of
  Czechoslovakia Allies know there is problem
• Know next move will be against Poland sign
  alliance with Poland guaranteeing help if invaded
• Hitler more concerned with fighting two front war

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Pact with Russia

• Germany and Soviets sign Nazi-Soviet
  Nonaggression Pact in Aug. 1939 publicly
  promise not to attack one another
• Secretly agree to invade Poland and divvy up the
  land

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Blitzkrieg

• September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland
• Hits from three directions in a blitzkrieg
  (lightning war sudden and uses speed and
  firepower)
• 17th Russia invades from East
• France and Britain declare war against Germany,
  but do nothing to help Poland
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8ha0qKquG2E

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France

• Spring of 1940 attacks Denmark and Norway,
  Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg
• France prepares
• Maginot Line
• along border
• of Germany

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Thinking they are safe due to Ardennes Mountains
France sets in waiting for attack Germany plows
through mountains with tanks Plan for Germany is
to attack France and British from front and rear
and trap them against the channel A few errors of
the Germans allows Britain to evacuate from
Dunkirk Miracle of Dunkirk PM Churchill warns
War is not about evacuations
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Germans take Paris and force French to surrender
in same railway car that was used in German
surrender in 1918 France divided into two
sections northern section controlled by the
Germans (Occupied France) and smaller southern
section controlled by French (Vichy France)
officially neutral but collaborated with the Nazis
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Battle of Britain

• Churchill states he will not follow policy of
  appeasement We shall never surrender
• Operation Sea Lion plan of Germany was for air
  force (Luftwaffe) to destroy British Royal air
  force
• British lose nearly 1,000 planes, Germans more
  than 1,700
• Bombings happen night and day known as the
  Blitz British held on, Hitler decides to wait

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Americas involvement

• People want to stay out WWI had been hard and
  with rise of fascism seemed pointless
• Theory starts that WWI was about business Nye
  Committee in Congress investigates
• Congress passes Neutrality Act of 1935, 1936,
  1937
• Americans cant sail on ships owned by those at
  war, not make loans or sell arms and munitions to
  those at war

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Neutrality Act ties FDRs hands once war starts
in Europe Congress passes Neutrality Act of
1939 includes a cash and carry provision
warring nations can buy goods and arms in U.S.
if they pay cash and carried on own ships
Britain still rules the seas so benefits
them 1940 debate raged between isolationists
and interventionists Argue for Intervention once
France fell, Britain was fighting for free
countries everywhere we must aid them Argue for
isolation Helping would lead to involvement
Lindbergh is supporter felt real threat was
Soviets and Japan and we would be weakened by
fighting in Western Europe Edward R. Murrow
reports from the Blitz and shocks Americans
convinces them we need to at least prepare to
defend ourselves Congress passes the Selective
Service Act FDR, believing it to be an emergency,
makes deal with Britain to give them defense
ships for British defense bases without
Congressional approval FDR runs for unprecedented
third term Americans chose the known in the
middle of a crisis
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When Britain starts to run out of cash FDR give
Four Freedoms Speech to Congress Freedom of
speech, worship, from want and from fear If a
neighbor whose house is on fire asks to borrow
your fire hose to put out the fire, you would not
debate or sell the hose you would loan it this
is being a good neighbor and keeps the fire from
spreading to your own home FDR calls us the
Great Arsenal for Democracy and gets Congress
to approve the Lend-Lease Act Gives FDR power to
sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend
or otherwise dispose of, to any govt any defense
article if he thought it was necessary to the
defense of the U.S. Churchill and FDR meet
secretly in 1941 and sign the Atlantic Charter
endorses national self-determination and
international system of general security Fall
1941 Hitler sees what is happening and orders his
U-Boats to attack American ships FDR gives
order to attack U-Boats on site although we are
officially neutral Germany goes to war with
Soviets What will happen next????????