Human%20Evolution%20

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Human Evolution The rise of Homo sapiens
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Where to Begin? Right Now!
The genetic analysis shown indicates that human
ancestors migrated out of Africa three times in
the last 1.7 million years.
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Weve Got Fossils
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Theres LOTS of Extinct Primates that Came Before
Us!
This isnt even a complete diagram! There are
several identified fossil species missing and
theres still over a dozen ancient hominids shown!
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Modern Homo Species from 1.7 MYA to today

• Genus of modern humans includes
• H. sapiens,
• H. neanderthalensis (neanderthals)
• And several others, including

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Homo erectus

• H. erectus is the species of Homo that originated
  in Africa and went on to populate the rest of the
  world, using fire and stone technology. We are
  their direct descendents.

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Archaic Homo Species 2.8 to 1.7 MYA

• All were located exclusively in Africa

• Includes some australopithicus species, Homo
  habilis, and others.

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The Erects Our ancient ancestors on 2 legs.
From 5 MYA to 2.8 MYA

• This is where arguments really get going as to
  who our direct ancestor species was.
• Lucy (3 MYA) is among these ancient homonids.

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The Split with other Primate LinesBetween 5 and
7 MYA

• Somewhere in Africa there was a single population
  of primate that gave rise to all of the species
  we just spoke of.
• This population was definetly a gracile ape.
• Little is known about the very earliest human
  ancestors because, as you might expect

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6-7 Million year old primate bones are all from
Apes!
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Just Remember Theres Lots of Hominids in
Earths History
Homo sapiens are just the newest design of a
2-legged primate model that arose millions of
years ago. Its our brains that set us apart
from all of the rest.
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Perspective 10,000 years 104 years

• Imagine all of the time that has passed since the
  most ancient civilizations beginning in Egypt and
  Mesopotamia

• Every civilization there ever was every king,
  every queen, every nation or people all arose in
  this time

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Multiply by 6 60,000 Years

• 60,000 years ago is the great leap to complex
  social organization, as indicated by early art
  and ceremony

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Multiply BY 100!

• Think of every generation of people that has come
  and gone since our ancestors first figured out
  how to draw a picture on a wall.
• No try to imagine that all happening 100 times
• Thats 6,000,000 years when we split from the
  ape line.

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30,000 generations

• Thats what separates us from our common ancestor
  with chimpanzees.
• Even if every generation was only a day long,
  that would still be over 80 years!!!

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30,000 generations 2 years in prokaryotes

• Prokaryotes are the easiest way to study
  evolution because some of them reproduce every 30
  minutes
• A prokaryote population can evolve as much (or
  more) in 2 years than humans have in 6,000,000.

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Which of these looks most like your Homo sapiens
skeleton?
Human
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The Primate Family Tree
Colugo most similar to primate without being a
primate.
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Ida Darwinius massilae 47 MYA

• Not a human ancestor.
• Oldest known primate fossil.
• Gives clues as to what the first primate
  ancestors might have been like.

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Mammals

• Mammal species over 65,000,000 years old are all
  similar in structure to small rats, mice, or
  shrews of today

Tree Shrew Living organism most similar to the
extinct common ancestor of all primates
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Animals Evolve 600 MYA

• Between 550 and 140 MYA, all of the common plant
  and animal phyla around today evolved.

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Eukaryote evolution Plants, Animals, and
Microbes, oh my!
Fungi
Animals
Amoebas
Unicellular groups
Plants
Unicellular groups
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The First common Ancestors of all Life Archaea
(prokaryotes)
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3.7 Billion years ago the first cells

• This is where biology begins. Before this, its
  all geology / astronomy / physics

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Birth of the Universe The Big Bang

• What Quantum singularity spontaneously
  transforms into pure energy.
• When 13.7 x 109 years ago (BYA)
• Why its Important Everything, including all
  space, time, matter, and energy in the Universe
  begins.

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Formation of the Milky Way

• What This is what our galaxy looks like when
  viewed from Earth, looking towards its center.
  There are about 2 x 1011 stars in it.
• There are billions of other galaxies in the
  Universe.

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Milky Way from Above

• What This is what our galaxy probably looks
  like when viewed from above.
• When The oldest stars in the galaxy are about
  13.2 x 109 years old.

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The Solar System and Sun

• What A protoplanetary disk that will become the
  Sun and planets condenses due to gravity in a
  molecular cloud of gas and dust.
• When About 4.6 x 109 years ago.

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Formation of Earth and Moon

• What Massive collision produces the moon from
  the cooling proto-Earth
• When About 4.5 x 109 years ago.