European Religions

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European Religions

• Three major religions in Europe
• Christianity, Judaism, and Islam
• All 3 are monotheistic

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Judaism Major Beliefs

• In one true god, God that is all-knowing,
  all-powerful, and present everywhere
• They are Gods chosen people
• God will send a Messiah, or savior to save them
• Sometimes called the children of Israel in the
  Bible

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Judaism Holy books

• Torah or Pentateuch the Five Books of Moses (what
  Christians call the Old Testament)
• Within the Torah, God gave the Jewish people
  through Moses the Ten Commandments (The laws of
  God)

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Judaism Houses of Worship

• Jewish people worship in a synagogue (means
  meeting place)
• Prayer is lead by a rabbi, or teacher
• The Sabbath for Jews begins at sundown on Friday
  night

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Jewish people living in Europe in 2005
Top countries in 2002 France UK Russia Ukraine Ge
rmany Belarus Belgium Hungary Spain
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Judaism Founder

• Founder of Judaism is Abraham
• Lived in what is now known as Iraq
• According to Jewish belief, God told Abraham to
  leave his homeland and mover where God told him.
  He would also make Abraham the father of a great
  nation
• Abraham then traveled to what is now known as
  Israel

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Islam Major Beliefs

• One god, Allah
• Muhammad is the Islamic prophet
• A person who practices Islam is a Muslim
• Five Pillars of Islam
• Profession of faith (there is only one god,
  Allah)
• Prayers (5 times at certain times towards Mecca)
• Giving of alms (charitable giving)
• Fasting (during Ramadan)
• Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

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Islam Holy Books

• Koran or Quaran
• However, view Torah and New Testament as holy
  books too

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Islam Houses of Worship

• Mosque
• Friday is the Sabbath day
• Religious leaders- imams

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Islam Founder

• Muhammad- the last and greatest prophet
• Also view Abraham, Moses, and Jesus as great
  teachers BUT Muhammad is the greatest (closest to
  perfection)!
• Received revelations from Allah through an angel,
  Gabriel the arch-angel
• Put the revelations in the Koran

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Islam Location(s) in Europe

• Russia
• The Balkans (close to the Middle East)
•  Albania
•  Bosnia and Herzegovina
•  Bulgaria
•  Greece
• Kosovo (disputed independence)
•  Macedonia
•  Montenegro
• Croatia
•  Serbia
•  Slovenia
•  Romania
•  Turkey

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ChristianityMajor Beliefs

• Second oldest religion
• Only one god, God sent his son, Jesus who
  Christians call Messiah or Christ
• Only way to get to heaven is through Jesus
• Christians and Jews share many of the same
  beliefs
• Early Christians were Jews, as was Jesus

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ChristianityHoly Days

• Easter- celebrates the resurrection of Jesus
  (celebrated about the same time as the Jewish
  Passover)
• Christmas- celebrates the birth of Jesus
• Sabbath day is Sunday

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Christianity Holy books

• The Bible- both the Old and New Testament
• New Testament- are the teachings of Jesus and his
  followers, the Disciples

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Christianity Houses of worship

• Place of worship is called a church
• Person who leads the congregation is called a
  pastor, priest, or minister

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Christianity Founder

• Jesus is the true founder
• Paul of Tarsus transformed the faith from a
  branch of Judaism into a full-fledged religion
• Helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman
  Empire

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Christianity primary locations in Europe

• Largest religion in Europe
• Mainly divided into 3 different sects
• Roman Catholic or Catholic
• Eastern Orthodox
• Protestant

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Catholicism

• Largest branch of Christianity
• The Pope is Christs representative on Earth
• Center of the Catholic church is in Rome and it
  is called the Vatican

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Eastern Orthodox

• Officially split from Roman Catholicism in the
  11th century
• Found mostly in Greece, Eastern Europe, and
  Russia
• Do not follow the Pope or his rules but have
  their own leaders called Patriarchs

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Protestant

• Began in the 16th century with Martin Luther
  nailing his 99 theses on the door of the Catholic
  church (he was a Catholic monk)
• Many churches are included in this group
  Baptist, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Methodists,
  Pentecostals, Quakers, Calvinists, and others
• Do not follow the Popes leadership or a patriarch

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