CELLS

1
CELLS

• Building Blocks of Life

2
Prokaryotic Cells

• Prokaryotic cells
• Very simple
• Few internal structures
• DNA is NOT enclosed in a nucleus
• NO membrane-bound organelles

3
Examples of Prokaryotic Cells
Photos Daniel Kunkel
4
Eukaryotic Cells

• Eukaryotic Cells
• Very complex
• Many internal structures
• DNA is enclosed in a nucleus
• Many membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria
  and Golgi bodies

5
Examples of Eukaryotic Cells
http//library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_c
ells.html?tqskip11tqtime0919
6
Cell Membrane

• Cell membrane
• The protective layer around all cells. The cell
  membrane controls what goes in and what goes out
  of cells.
• The Fence

7
Cell Wall

• Cell Wall
• Tough, rigid outer covering found in plants,
  algae, fungi, and bacteria. Animal cells do not
  have cell walls. Cell walls protect and support.
• The Brick Wall

http//www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1
.htm
8
Cytoplasm

• Cytoplasm
• The gel-like material inside cells. This is where
  many of the chemical reactions take place
• The Filler

9
The Cytoskeleton

• Cytoskeleton
• Helps the cell maintain OR change its shape. Some
  organisms move by stretching and contracting the
  cytoskeleton.
• The Bones

http//library.thinkquest.org/C004535/cytoskeleton
.html?tqskip11tqtime0919
10
The Nucleus

• Nucleus
• Directs all the activities of the cell. The DNA
  in the nucleus contains the instructions for
  everything the cell does. The nucleus is
  surrounded by its own membrane.
• The Brain, The Skull

11
The Mitochondria

• Mitochondria
• Break down food (sugars) into carbon dioxide and
  water. This reaction releases the stored energy
  in the food,
• The Furnace
• The Power Plant

12
Mitochondria at Work
http//www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1
.htm
13
The Chloroplasts

• Chloroplasts
• Use the energy from the sun to convert carbon
  dioxide and water into sugars (food). Animal
  cells do not have chloroplasts.
• The Sugar Factory

14
Chloroplasts at Work
http//www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1
.htm
15
The Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• One long membrane that connects the nuclear
  membrane to the cell membrane. It has many folds.
  Proteins and other chemicals move along this
  membrane.
• The Highway System

16
The ER at Work
http//www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1
.htm
17
The Ribosomes

• Ribosomes
• Made in the nucleolus, these organelles move out
  of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. They have no
  membranes that surround them. They make proteins.
• The Protein Factory

http//www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1
.htm
18
The Golgi Bodies

• Golgi Bodies
• These organelles sort, fold, package, and deliver
  proteins and other chemicals to areas inside and
  outside the cell.
• The UPS Store Sort, Pack, and Deliver

19
Golgi Bodies at Work
http//www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1
.htm
20
The Lysosomes

• Lysosomes
• These contain digestive chemicals (enzymes) that
  break down food particles, waste products, and
  damaged cell parts for recycling. These are much
  more important in animal cells.
• The Recycling Center

http//www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1
.htm
21
The Vacuoles

• Vacuoles
• These temporarily store water, food, and waste
  materials. These are very large and very
  important in plant cells. They also provide
  support.
• The Closet

http//www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1
.htm
22
References
http//library.thinkquest.org/C004535/introduction
.html
http//www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cell
s/cells.htm
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v-zafJKbMPA8feature
related
23
Gallery of Cells