THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

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Chapter 3 Section 1

• THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

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The Southern Colonies

• Founding a New Colony
• 1605- Company of English merchants went to the
  king to get a charter and it was granted in 1606
• April 26, 1607- 105 Colonists arrived in America
• By May 14, they went 40 miles up the James River
  and found the FIRST permanent settlement
  Jamestown
• The colonists were very unprepared
• By winter 2/3 had died
• Powhatan Confederacy
• John Smith took over as leader
• Built a fort, and created rules that rewarded
  hard work
• Formed an agreement with the Powhatan tribes
• Learned to grow corn and were brought food

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The Southern Colonies

• 1609- 400 more settlers arrived
• Bad winter with sickness, and famine hit, in the
  spring only 60 still alive
• John Rolfe takes over and makes Jamestown a
  profitable venture
• Introduces new type of tobacco
• War in Virginia
• Rolfe marries Pocahontas in 1614
• She dies in England in 1617
• 1622- Powhatan leader is killed by Colonists
• Powhatan people attack the colonists
• War continues for 20 years
• 1624- Virginia goes to a royal colony that the
  governor is chosen by the king.

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The Southern Colonies

• Daily Life in Virginia
• Headright System
• People didnt live in towns that much but in
  scattered farms
• Some wealthy owners created large plantations
  where items such as tobacco were grown
• Under the Headright system, the London land
  companys would give 50 acres of land to those
  who paid their own way, if they brought people
  with them they could get an additional 50 acres,
  so the wealthy who brought lots of servants
  received lots of land.

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The Southern Colonies

• Labor in Virginia
• Very high death rates in Virginia, led to a lack
  of workers.
• Many workers were indentured servants (worked for
  4 -7 years to pay off debt)
• Expansion of Slavery
• 1619- Dutch brought Africans workers to Virginia
• Some were servants, others were slaves
• Price of slavery fell and labor shortages caused
  slavery to increase

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The Southern Colonies

• Bacons Rebellion
• A rise in Taxes and lack of protection in
  Jamestown caused protests
• 1676- Group led by Nathaniel Bacon attacked some
  peaceful native Americans, which hurt trade, when
  the government tried stop him, they attacked the
  colony and burned Jamestown.
• Other Southern Colonies
• Maryland
• Established by George Calvert (Lord of Baltimore)
  for a place for the English Catholics to go to
• Charter was actually given to his son Cecilius
  who named the colony after Queen Mary

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The Southern Colonies

• Maryland (continued)
• Was suppose to be a proprietary colony (owned by
  an individual or a couple of people)
• Economy on farming, raising cattle and hogs
• Protestants started to move to the colony as
  well, led to conflict between the them and the
  Catholics
• Toleration Act of 1649
• Bill made it a crime to restrict religious rights
  of Christians
• First bill supporting religious tolerance

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The Southern Colonies

• Carolinas and Georgia
• Use to be 1 large colony, then broke apart in
  1712
• North Carolina residents were Virginians who
  moved south
• South Carolina was made up of people who were
  immigrating from Europe
• Georgia was formed as a debtors colony and shield
  from the Spanish by James Oglethorpe
• Oglethorpe outlawed slavery and limited land
  grant size, but that ended leading to large rice
  plantations worked by slaves.

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The Southern Colonies

• Economies of the Southern Colonies
• Depended on Agriculture, and needed the other
  colonies to get shipping material
• Grew Cash crops such as tobacco, rice and indigo
• Needed large amount of labor to farm the
  plantations so Slavery became the norm
• Slave Codes were passed to control the large
  populations