Integumentary System

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Integumentary System
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Integumentary System Skinskin is the ________
________ in the body. Also included are the
______________organs hair, _________ glands,
___________ glands, ______ and variations
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Functions of the SkinThe study of skin is
______________________.The skin has a variety
of functions includingbarrier against
______________________________protects
____________________ from __________prevents
the body from _____________inhibits excess
________intake (from aquatic species)regulates
_________________receptor for sensations of
_______, _______, ______, __________, and
_________.disposal of _____________ products
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The body produces ________ by metabolizing
ingested food. The amount of heat produced is
the result of the amount of _______ done by the
_________.Most of body heat is lost by
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_______________________ heat energy is
transmitted as rays to the surrounding areas.
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___________________ heat energy passes by
___________________ through a non-moving
medium.Eg when an animal lies on a cold surface
it loses heat directly to that surface.Or when
an animal is lying on a surgery table the heat is
lost directly to the surface of the table and
through the incision made
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__________________ Heat transfer occurs in a
gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from
one _________________________. This is the heat
loss responsible for the wind chill factor
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_____________________ heat is lost as
perspiration or other ____________on the skin.
Air currents can _________________evaporative
heat loss through convection.
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Most of the remainder of heat loss occurs through
______________________________ and lesser amounts
lost through __________________ and
__________________tracts.
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The skin is composed of _____layersThe
______________ is the outer, thinner layer.The
_____________ is the thicker inner layer.
Composition of skin
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dermis
epidermis
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The __________________ is made up of
___________________________ epithilial
tissue,the layers from the dermis outward are
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The cells in this inner most layer multiply
_________________ to compensate for the constant
loss of cells from the __________ of the
_______________. These cells push upward into
each layer and eventually die.
Stratum germinativum - ____________
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The cells begin to __________ and draw apart.
This layer is only ___or ___cells thick. It is
thicker on parts of the body that endure
___________wear, like __________.
Stratum spinosum _____________
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Stratum granulosum ____________________The
cells in this layer contain _______________visible
in the _____________. This layer may not be
present in some areas of thin skin.______________
_______ or _____________ packs the cells with
fibrous protein called ____________.
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Stratum lucidum _____________________This
layer is made up of closely packed ____________
cells. This layer is found in tissue that endure
____________ wear.
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Stratum corneum ______________________This
layer is made of flat, lifeless, _______________
cells. They appear as overlapping dry __________
that make up the outer skin layer. If
________________, they will prevent the entrance
of microorganisms.________________________ gives
the special epidermal parts (hooves, horns,
beaks) their strength.
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Cornified
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Skin color is determined by the amount of
______________ in the stratum ____________________
layer. _______________, the sun and some
______________ affect the skin color
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The absence of normal pigmentation is called
_______________. True albinism prevents
pigmentation of the _________, _______ and
________. This condition may be associated with
other lethal traits as well as a lack of
protection from the ____________.
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Skin color can also be affected by the
___________________. Eg Skin color can take on
a ________ hue (____________) when oxygen supply
is compromised
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The dermis (____________), is made up of dense,
fibrous, __________________ tissue containing
_________ vessels and ___________. Small
involuntary muscles (___________________) are
attached to the hair follicles. When these
muscles contract, the hairs stiffen. This
increases the animals ability to ____________
itself against ______________.
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_____________ glands, ___________ glands,
________________ receptors are found in the
____________ layer.
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The __________________ layer under the
____________ is the ________________ or
____________. It consists of loose
________________ tissue and ______________tissue.
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Skin structure differs throughout the body. It
is _____________, _________________, and varies
in _________________.
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HairMammals have three types of
hair._______________________________________
__________________
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_____________ hairs are also called __________
hairs and these make up the top coat. These
hairs are _______ with a smooth appearance. This
arrangement allows rain to run off the coat
preventing ___________ of the animal
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________________ hairs are also called
___________ hairs and make up the _____________.
These hairs are soft, thin and wavy.
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___________ hair are usually thicker and longer
than primary hair and is most often found around
the _________ . These hairs grow deep from the
______________ or superficial muscle layer and
act as a __________ receptor.
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Hair develops from the hair ____________, located
at the base of the hair follicle. Cells at the
base increase, push upward and _____________,
forming the visible hair shaft. Hair follicles
are positioned at ___ ___ degree angle to the
skin.
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There are two arrangements for hair
growth______________ primary hairs grow from
___________follicular openings______________
two to five _______ hairs erupt from a single
follicle. And are surrounded by clusters of
________ hairs.
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Hair ________ is important for ______________
regulation. In general, lighter color coats are
__________.Animal hair grows in ____________.
Five factors affecting the shedding cycle
_____________, _____________, ___________,
___________, state of ___________.
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____________ glands are _____________ organs of
the skin that cool the body.______________ sweat
glands are found throughout the body and secrete
a strong smelling substance in the hair
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____________ sweat glands are coiled tubular
structures embedded in the ___________ and
produce a watery sweat. These glands are found
in limited areas usually the ___________ and
____________.
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The ________________ glands secrete a substance
called _________ which _____________ the skin and
hair, _____________ the coat, gives the coat a
glossy sheen, increases the spread of __________,
slows ______________ growth, and serves as a
_____________ marker. Examples of these glands
are
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______________ glandsThese glands are found in
the ________ of cats. During grooming or when a
cat rubs its head against and object, the
secretion is deposited to mark territory
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_________ glandsThese glands produce a _______
odor that attracts females to males during
breeding season. They are located
________________ to the horn base.
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__________ sacsThese are ____________ pouches
that express a foul smelling fluid that is
expressed during ____________ and is used as a
___________ marker.
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________________ glandsThese are classified as
modified ________ glands. They are located in
the external _______ canal. It excretes a
yellowish waxy substance called _________
(earwax).
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Nails, Claws and Hooves.All three of these
structures have the following parts in
common____________________________________
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In _____________ the nail is the wall and it
grows from the ____________. The sole is located
beneath the _______ at the open end. The pad
corresponds with the ___________ tips
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In carnivores the ________ is the wall, which has
been compressed ______________. The sole is the
underside of the wall and is _________ in
texture. The pad corresponds to the __________
pads
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______________ animals have well developed
footpads.________________ animals include cats
and dogs. Only the digital and metacarpal pads
make ground contact_____________ include hoofed
animals
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The _______ is the wall, the _________ is the
underside of the hoof, the ___________ is the
bulb or heel.
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______________, _____________, and __________ are
modified epidermal structures. In the dog and
pig, the __________ has a rudimentary bone. In
ruminants the dewclaws are like miniature hooves
and they serve no practical purpose