???(Archaea)

1
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2
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???(Archaea) ??(Bacteria)
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??(?????????)? ?????? ?????
??????????????????????,????????,???????????????,??
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??? ??(bacteria)
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(?)?????
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1???
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2???
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?????? (????)
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3????
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????????,???????, ??C????,??????
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???
???????,? ????????? ????????? ?????,??? ??
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4??????
??????????um
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5???
???????????,???????????????
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????TTC??????
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(?)?????
?????????????
???????????? ?????????????
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1??????????
1)???(cell wall)
???(cell wall)???????,????? ?????????,????
????????? ??10-25
?????????????????,??????????????????????(G)????
??(G-)?
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(1)???????????
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G????????????(peptidoglycan)?????????????
???,?????????40-90?
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???????,????G???????, ????????10?
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(2)???????????
G-??????????G????????????????????????
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G-????,????????5-10???????G??,??????3???L-Lys???
???????
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????G-???????????????????,???????????????????
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(3)G ???G -????????
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(4)?????
C.Gram(??)?1884 ??????????? ?????????
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??????????????????
?????????,?????????? ???????????????????
???????????????????? ???????????????????
?,???????????????,? ?????
???????????????????? ???????????,???????
????????????????,?? ?????????????
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(No Transcript)
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(5)???????
These Archaea species live in extreme heat near
deep sea vents.
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• ??????
• ????????????,????????
• ?????????
• ??????????????????

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ß-1,3??????????
N-??????N-?????????? ?????,???????????? L-glu?L-al
a?L-lys??L??????, ????L-glu????????
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(6)???????
????L???
????? ?????
????????(G) ? ?
???? ? ?
???????(G-)
??????????????
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a.L???(L-form of bacteria)
??????????(????????)??? ?????????????????
?????
??????(Lister)???????????? (1935?,??????
Streptobacillus moniliformis)
????????????????????????????? 20?????????,????????
???????????
???????????,??????
??
?????????,????????
?????,????????????? ????(???0.1mm??)
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b.????(protoplast)
??????,???????????????????? ??????????????????????
?,???? ???????????,?????????????
?????????,???????????? ??????????
??
??????????,?????,????? ??????
?????(??????)????????? ?,???????????????????
????????????????????,? ???????????????????????
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c.???(sphaeroplast)
????????,?????????????? ?????????(???)????????? ??
?,?????????????,????? ??????
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2)???????
(1)????
????(cytoplasmic
membrane),???? (plasma membrane)????(cell
membrane)??? (inner membrane),??????????????? ????
????????????????,??78 nm,???(?2030)????(?507
0) ???
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(2)?????????????
???????
a. ??
??????
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b. ??????(fluid mosaic model)
????????????
????????????
?????????????,?????????? ???????
?????????????,??????????? ????????????
?????????????????????
????????????,???????????
??,?????????????????????
1972?,??(J.S.Singer)?????(G.L.Nicolson)
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(3)????????
?????????????????????????
???????????????
??????????????(????????LPS? ?????)?????
????????????????????????, ????????
?????????????????????
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(4)??(mesosome,???)
??????????????, ?????????????? ???????????
???????DNA?????????????
??????????????????????
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3)????????
(1)??
???(cytoplasm)???????????? ?????????????
?????????? 80?
????????????????????????? ???????????????????,????
? ??????????????????
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(2)???(ribosomes)
??????????????????????, ?????(60)????(40)??,????
? ?????????????????????? ?70s????????????
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(3)???(reserve materials)
?????????????????????????, ???????????
??-ß-???(poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate, PHB)
???????????
??????(Bacillus megaterium)????? ??????????, ????
??PHB??? ???60?
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??? ???
???????
?????????? ?????,?????????, ???????,???????????
?????????,?????????
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????(metachromatic granules)
??????????? ????(Spirillum volutans) ???(???)
?????0.51.0µm,??????????, ?????????????? ????????
???,???????????
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????(cyanophycin)
??????????,????????????? ??????????
????????? ???(11)??? ?????,??? ?25000125000?
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???(sulfur globules)
??????????????????,????????????H2S,
?????????? ????????????,??????????????????
????? ??????????????,?????????
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(4)??(gas vocuoles)
??????????????????????? ??????????,???0.21.0µm75
nm, ???????????,??2nm??????? ??
?????????????????????????O2?????
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4)???(nuclear region or area)
?????????????????????????
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2??????????
1)???(glycocalyx)
(1) ??
??????????????????? ???????????????????
??? ?????(capsule?macrocapsule,???)? ???(microcaps
ule)????(slimelayer)???? (zoogloea)?
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???
??
???
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(2)??

• ??????????????,???????
• ????????,??????(??????)
• ???????????????????

b. ???????????????,???????
??????????????????
c. ??????????????,???????? ???????
d. ????????????????????????
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(3)??
???????????? ?????,??????????? ????????????
???????????
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2)? ??(flagellum,?flagella)
(1) ??
???????????????????????????, ??????????,????????
?
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????
??????????
?????
????
????
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(2)????????????

• ?????????

????1520µm??0.010.02µm

• ???????????????????

• ????????????????(??)??

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3)???(fimbria,??fimbriae)
?????????????????????????? ??,????????????????
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??????250300???? ????????????? ??????,?????? ????
????????? ????????????? ???,?????????
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4)???(pili,??pilus)
??????????,?????,??????????
??????????????????(????)?,??? ??????(????)????????
?????RNA?? ??????????
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5)??????????
(1)??
????????????,????????????????????????????
?????,????(endospore?spore,??????)?
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(2)???????
???????????????,?????????? ????????????????
?????????,???????????????? ??????????????????
??????????,???????????????? ??????????????????????
???????????????????,??????? ?????(?????????????)
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(3)?????????????
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(4)???????
????????????????????????????????(?3-3)
?????????????????
?????????,?????????? ???????,????????????
???????????????, ??,????????
??????????
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(6)????(parasporal crystal)
??????,?????????(Bacillus thuringiensis)? ???????
?,?????????????????? ?????d???,???????
??????,?????????????????
?????200??????????????????, ??????????????????????
??? ?????????
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(6)????(parasporal crystal)
????
???????
???????????(?? pH ?9.0-10.5)
???????,???????,????
????????????,?? pH??,?????????
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???????
?????????????????????????,????? ??????????????
? ? ?????????? ? ????? ? ??????
?????????????????
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(?)?????
1??? (fission)
1)????(binary fission)
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?????????
(?)????????(?)?????
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(?)?????????(?)?????

• ???????????????????????
• ???
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????????????

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(No Transcript)
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(?)????????(?)?????
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??? ???(Actinomyces)
(?)??
??????????????????????????? ?????,????????
?????????????????????,????????
?????????????????????????
???????
????????????????????, ???????????????
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(?)?????

• ???,????????????
• ?????????,?1mm
• ??????????,???????(????)
• ????????????,
• ?????????????????????

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1?????
?????????,????,????????????, ??0.2-0.8
mm,??????,????????
2?????
???????????,??????????,????? ???,?????????????????
??,???? ,????(1-1.4 mm),??????
3????
???????????,?????????????,?? ??,??????????????????
?????,? ???????????????
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(No Transcript)
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(?)?????
??????
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????
????????,???? ????????????? ????
?????????,???????????
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(?)????
???????????????(????)
??????,????????,??? ??,?????????????
????
????????????(?????)
????,??,??????
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(?)???????????
???????????????????????,?? ???,?????????????????
???????????????(??90??????)
???????????????????,?????? ?????????????????????
???????????????(????????????)? ??(???????????)????
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??? ???(Cyanobacteria)
1???
????????(blue-green algae),????????a? ????????????
???????????????? ????CO2???????????
???????,???????????????? ----???a,???????????
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2???
1)????
2)??????,????????????
3)????????a,?????????
4)?????????????
5)??????,??????,??????????, ?????,?????(heteroc
yst)?????????
??????,????????,??????? ???????,????????
6)?????????????,????????????
7)???,?????????,????????
8)???????????,?????,???????? ???,???????
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3.??????
?????????????????
?????????
?????????
?????????????
?????????????
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??? ?????????????
???(Mycoplasma) ?????(Rickettsia)
???(Chlamydia) ???????,??????????
??????????
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(?)???(Mycoplasma)
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(?)?????(Rickettsia)
1???
?????(Rickettsia)???????????????,? ????????,??????
?????????
H.T.Ricketts 1909?, ????????? ???,????? ????,1916?
? ???????? ??????????
86
2???
1)?????????
????????,????(???)????? (Rickettsia
wolhynica)????????????????

• ???????,???????????????
• ????????????
• ????,????????????????????,
• ?????????????? ?????

?????????????,????????? (Rickettsia
burneti)????????
???????0.2-0.5 mm???0.3-0.5 x 0.3-2 mm
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2)??????????????????
???????(??????) ???,??????????? ???,??????????? ??
???????????
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(?)???(Chlamydia)
1???
????????????,???????,??????? ??????????
????????,?????????????????????
?????????? ??????(microcolony)
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2???
1)?????????
????????,????????????????? 70S??????30S?50S??????
)
2)?????????,??0.2-0.3 mm,???????
3)????????
???????????,???????????,?? ????????,????????ATP,??
???? ????????
4)???????????????????,?????? ???????
5)??????????????????,????
??????????????,???????????? ??????????,??????????
1956?,?????????????????????, ????????????????????
6)??????,60?10??????,??????,?
????????????????????????
90
3????
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