Diapositiva 1

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OVERTURE
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TO THE OLDS IN THE ROOM
NEVER UNDERESTIMATE THE PLASURE WE FEEL WHEN
HEARING SOMETHING ALREADY KNOWN
Enrico FERMI
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HERA HAS BEEN CLOSED, LHC IS BEING OPENING(NEAR
PAST AND NEAR FUTURE OF PARTICLE PHYSICS)

• Carlos García Canal
• Universidad Nacional de La Plata

II LAWHEP
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PARTICLE PHYSICS NEAR PAST AND NEAR FUTURE
. GENERAL ACCOUNT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF
THE RECENTLY CLOSED DESY-HAMBURG HERA
ACCELERATOR. . PRESENTATION OF THE PHYSICS
EXPECTED TO BE REVEALED BY THE LHC-CERN
ACCELERATOR BEGINNING TO DELIVER DATA IN LESS
THAN A YEAR. . ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THIS
INFORMATION ON THE THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS.
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PARTICLE PHYSICS 29.300
FROM M. MANGANO
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ON JUNE 30, 2007, DATA TAKING AT THE
ELECTRON-PROTON STORAGE RING HERA AT DESY WILL
COME TO AN END FOR 15 YEARS THE PARTICLE
PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS AT HERA HAVE PROVIDED A
UNIQUE AND DETAILED PICTURE OF THE PROTON AND
THE INTERACTING FORCES SAID PROF. ROLF-DIETER
HEUER, RESEARCH DIRECTOR AT DESY
GENEVA, 22 JUNE 2007 SPEAKING AT THE 142nd
SESSION OF THE CERN COUNCIL TODAY, THE
ORGANIZATIONS DIRECTOR GENERAL ROBERT AYMAR
ANNOUNCED THAT THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER (LHC)
WILL START UP IN MAY 2008, TAKING THE FIRST STEPS
TOWARDS STUDYING PHYSICS AT A NEW HIGH-ENERGY
FRONTIER
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TODAY PHYSICS - TODAY
FUNDAMENTAL
SYMMETRIES
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EINSTEIN 1905 SPECIAL THEORY OF
RELATIVITY WIGNER DIXIT EINSTEINS WORK MARKS
THE INVERSION OF A TENDENCY, FORMERLY THE
INVARIANCE PRINCIPLES WERE OBTAINED FROM THE LAWS
OF MOVEMENT. NOW IT IS NATURAL FOR US TO OBTAIN
THE LAWS OF NATURE AND PROVE THEIR VALIDITY BY
MEANS OF THE INVARIANCE LAWS.
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GAUGE SYMMETRY
ENGINE OF THE PRESENT DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICS
UNIFICATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FORCES
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STANDARD MODEL
T HOOFT DIXIT TEMPORARY SOLUTION TO NEARLY A
CENTURY OF QUESTIONS
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GAUGE FIELD THEORY
(QCD)
(EW)
MECANISMO DE HIGGS
. ONE OF THE GREATEST SUCCESS OF PHYSICS .
COMPRISES PRACTICALLY ALL THAT IS KNOWN OF THE
SUBATOMIC WORLD IN A CONCISE SET OF PRINCIPLES
AND EQUATIONS. . EXCEEDED EXPERIMENTAL TESTS IN
ENERGY RANGES VERY DISTANT FROM THE ONES INCLUDED
IN ITS ORIGINAL DESIGN
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CHARACTERS
1st. GENERATION
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COUPLING CONSTANTS
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IS NOT COMPLETE !!!
. AESTHETICAL DEFICIENCIES . PHENOMENA NOT
INCLUDED
CAUSE OF THE SYMMETRY BREAKING ? GAUGE
INTERACTIONS UNIFY ? GRAVITY ? DARK MATTER
? DARK ENERGY ? SOMETHING ELSE ?
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COLLIDERS
BEAMS OF
ACCELERATED
IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS COLLIDE FRONTALLY
ELECTRONS and / or PROTONS
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ELECTRON COLLIDER
ELECTRONS ARE ELEMENTARY WELL
DEFINED INITIAL STATE
SMALL
SMALL
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
INITIAL BREMSSTRAHLUNG WELL KNOWN
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STANDARD MODEL MACHINE
Zº PHYSICS
MASS
WIDTH
COUPLING Zº TO FERMIONS
ASYMMETRIES
LEPTON UNIVERSALITY
WEIBERG ANGLE
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FAMILY PICTURE
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CROSS SECTION DIVERGES
ANOTHER DIAGRAMM
Zº TO CURE!
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PROTON COLLIDER (TEVATRON)
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION NOT IMPORTANT
CROSS SECTION LARGE MANY EVENTS
PROTON HAS COMPONENTS
(COLLISION AMONG COMPONENTS SHARING THE PROTON
MOMENTUM)
Ex
DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION
PARTON-PARTON CROSS SECTION
MOMENTUM FRACTION
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TEVATRON ACCESS TO THE PHYSICS OF THE STANDARD
MODEL B PHYSICS QCD ELECTROWEAK HIGGS
SEARCH W MASS WITH GREATER PRECISION PRODUCTIO
N OF WW AND WZ PAIRS QCD WITH PHOTONS JETS PHYS
ICS OF THE TOP CP VIOLATION IN
B CABBIBO-KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIX
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ELECTRON AND PROTON COLLIDERS COMPLEMENTARY
PROVIDE CLEAN EXPERIMENTS (STANDARD MODEL)
(PRECISION)
PROVIDE ENOUGH ENERGY FOR DISCOVERIES
(POTENTIALITY)
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ELECTRON - PROTON COLLIDER HERA
ELECTROWEAK PROBE TO ANALYSE THE PROTON
STRUCTURE
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RESOLVING POWER
SCATTERING OF A LEPTON BY A PROTON (AT HIGH
ENOUGH ) ELASTIC SCATTERING OF THE
LEPTON BY A POINTLIKE CONSTITUENT
(INCOHERENT) OF THE PROTON (PARTON)
(SIZE RESOLVED IN THE PROTON)
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EMISION AND ABSORTION OF GLUONS
MEASURED AT
PROVIDES EVOLUTION IN
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BINDED
SEA
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2
Q LARGER MORE PARTONS INVOLVED
WITH LOWER x
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FUNCTIONS OF
VALENCE
RADIATIVELY CREATED SEA
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SLAC 1970
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PROTON STRUCTURE FUNCTION
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VALENCE QUARKS
EXCELENT MEASUREMENTS OF ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS IN
DIS
LINEAR GROWING
(NEGATIVE CHARGE)
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DOMINANT
LINEAR GROWING SLOPE INTERSECTION
PROTON AT LARGE RESOLUTION ( ) HAS
VALENCE STRUCTURE
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WEAKNESS OF WEAK
AND
SLOW
FASTER
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UNIFICATION
AT A LARGE MOMENTUM TRANSFER, THE CROSS SECTIONS
OF CHARGED (W) AND NEUTRAL (PHOTON Z) CURRENTS
ARE EQUAL THE ELECTROMAGNETIC AND WEAK FORCES
HAVE THE SAME INTENSITY!!!
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W BOSONS ARE LEFTISTS!!!
CC CROSS SECTION AS A FUNCTION OF and
POLARIZATION
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QUARKS
POINTLIKE
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10 OF DIS EVENTS !!!
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IMPACT OF HERA IN LHC
. DISTRIBUTION OF PARTONS MEASURED IN HERA
FUNDAMENTAL FOR EVENT PREDICTIONS IN LHC .
DIFRACTION IN HERA (GAPS) ALLOW TO QUANTIFY
RESCATTERING IN LHC
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EXPLORES AN ENERGY SCALE (and d)
TOTALLY NEW
OBJECTIVES
HIGGS SEARCH NEW PHYSICS SEARCH
SUPERSYMMETRY
EXTRA DIMENSIONS SEARCH OF WHAT
IS NOT SEARCHED !
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LHC BUILDING
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FIRST STEPS UNDERSTANDING
THE DETECTORS MEASURING JETS AND COMPARISON WITH
QCD CALIBRATION OF ENERGY EVENTS WITH W AND
Z PHYSICS OF THE TOP LOST ENERGY SEARCH FOR THE
HIGGS
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HIGGS
(FROM RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS ANALYSIS)
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(No Transcript)
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ONE ROAD TO HIGGS
ALL
GLUONS IN THE PROTON
QCD COUPLING
HIGGS COUPLING
GAUGE COUPLING
QUANTUM THEORY (LOOPS)
VIRTUAL PARTICLES
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THEORY
BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL ORIGIN OF THE MASSES
(HIGGS SOMETHING) (CONFINEMENT) UNIFICATION
(?) QUANTUM THEORY AND GENERAL RELATIVITY
(STRINGS (?)) LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS SUPERSYMM
ETRY UNPARTICLES
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SUSY
PREDICTS THE EXISTENCE OF A NEW WORLD OF
PARTICLES WITH MASSES IN THE RANK OF TeV
(SUPERSYMMETRIC MATES OF THE KNOWN PARTICLES)
THEY HAVE THE SAME QUANTUM NUMBERS BUT THEIR
SPINS DIFFER IN ½ DIFFERENT MASSES (THEY DID
NOT APPEAR)
GAUGINOS (S1/2) WINO, ZINO, GLUINO, FOTINO
SPARTICLES (S0) SQUARKS, SLEPTONS
HIGGSINOS, GRAVITINOS,
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R PARITY
3BL2S
R (-1)
NORMAL R 1 SUSY R -1
B BARYON NUMBER L LEPTON NUMBER S SPIN
B, L, S CONSERVED R CONSERVED
LIGHTEST SUSY PARTICLE (WITH R -1) SHOULD BE
STABLE
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MANIFESTATIONS OF SUSY
JETS TME SQUARKS/GLUINOS
EQUAL SIGN DILEPTONS TME GLUINOS
t t TME STOP
PHOTONS TME SUSY BREAKING
http//mlm.web.cern.ch/mlm/talks/Mangano-Bern.pdf
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SUPERSYMMETRY
STABILIZING THE HIGGS MASS ENABLING UNIFICATION
PROVIDING DARK MATTER CANDIDATE
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UNIFICATION (3 2 1)
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LSP STABLE AT COSMOLOGICAL SCALES!!! THERMAL
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE RELIC DENSITY
APPROPRIATE TO PROVIDE DARK MATTER CORRECT
ABUNDANCE AND VERY WEAK INTERACTION
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HIERARCHY PROBLEM
BLACK HOLE MASS
WHY IS 16
ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE HIGHER
THAN
?
POSSIBLE ANSWER
EXTRA DIMENSIONS IN THE UNIVERSE
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EXTRA DIMENSIONS UP TO
(UP TO WHERE THE BEHAVIOR WAS MEASURED
OF GRAVITY)
But
FORCES
ARE SENSITIVE TO THE EXTRA DIMENSIONS!
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ORDINARY MATTER LIVES IN
DIMENSIONS WIDTH OF EXTRA DIMENSIONS
IN EXTRA DIMENSIONS ONLY GRAVITY
(BULK)
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EFFECTIVE SCALE FROM A FUNDAMENTAL IN LARGER
DIMENSIONS
IF IS LARGE
(PLANCK MASS IN )
IF
CONTACT BETWEEN GRAVITY AND PARTICLE SCALES !
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SPECTACULAR
BLACK HOLE PRODUCTION
BASIC IDEA
IF
PARTICLE COLLISIONS CAN PRODUCE
BUT
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SCENARIOS WITH GRAVITATION AT
LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS LARGE WARPING
METRIC IN D-DIMENSIONS (WARPED)
EXTRA COORDINATES
WARP FACTOR
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WARPED VOLUME (WV)
WV LARGE
DILUTION OF FIELD LINES IN THE EXTRA DIMENSIONS
SCENARIO WITH BRANES NECESSARY (BEHAVIOR OF
GAUGE FORCES)
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PRODUCTION AND DECAY OF BLACK HOLES
(PRODUCTION PROLIFIC AND WITH SIGNATURES)
CLASSICAL GRAVITY
BLACK HOLE FORMATION IF IMPACT PARAMETER
(SCHWARZSCHILD RADIUS)
PARTONIC LEVEL CONVOLUTION WITH STRUCTURE
FUNCTIONS
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DECAY
(SEVERAL PHASES)
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FORMATION ASYMMETRIES MULTIPOLAR
MOMENTS
STATIONARY BLACK HOLE HAS NOT HAIRS
LOOSE THEM BALDING
EMISION OF RADIATION (GRAVITATIONAL AND GAUGE)
AND EMISION OF CHARGES
KERR BLACK HOLE (WITHOUT ROTATING CHARGE)
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LOOSING ANGULAR MOMENTUM
HAWKING RADIATION (THERMAL EMISION)
TEMPERATURE
QUANTUM GRAVITY
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EXPERIMENTAL SIGNALS
SPHERICITY HIGH MULTIPLICITY LEPTONS AND JETS
WITH HIGH THERMAL DISTRIBUTION OF
SPECIES ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS SPINDOWN
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OTHER EXPERIMENTS
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NUCLEAR PHYSICS RIP
(?)
REQUIESCAT IN PACEM
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DATA FROM HUBBLE CHANDRA LENSING BULLET
CLUSTER
COLISSION OF TWO CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES.
INTERACTING ORDINARY MATTER GENERATED X RAYS.
DARK MATTER GOES THROUGH WITH ALMOST NO
INTERACTION RED X RAYS X DETECTED BY
CHANDRA BLUE INVISIBLE MASS INVISIBLE DETECTED
BY LENSING
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DARK MATTER 25 DARK ENERGY
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THE UNIVERSE TODAY IS QUITE DIFFERENT FROM THE
ONE WE HAVE 10 YEARS AGO !!!
IT IS DIFFICULT TO MANTAIN ONESELF
ANTHROPIC WHEN OUR COMPONENTS ARE ONLY 5 OF THE
UNIVERSE
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garcia_at_fisica.unlp.edu.ar