Musculoskeletal%20System

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Musculoskeletal System
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Common names
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Vocabulary Lesson 2

• 1. skeleton the framework of connected bones in
  your body
• 2. bone is an organ of the skeletal system that
  stores minerals
• 3. bone marrow soft tissue inside a bone that
  makes blood cells and stores fat

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• 4. cartilage the tissue between the bones in
  your movable joints
• 5. joint is a place where two or more bones
  meet
• 6. ligament connects bones together at joints
• 7. tendon attaches muscles to bones

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• 8. Osteoporosis a disease in which the bones
  become weaker
• 9. arthritis painful joints
• 10. voluntary muscles muscles you have control
  over
• 11. involuntary muscles muscles you do not have
  control over

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1. What is your Skeletal System?

• a. The skeleton is the framework to hold you up
  and protect organs
• b. More than 200 bones 206 as an adult

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• c. Almost every bone is connected to another bone
  by a joint
• i. Ligaments hold two bones together at joints
• ii. Joints also allow bones to move
• iii. Tendons attach muscles to bones

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• d. types of bones long, short, flat, irregular

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2. Bone and joints

• 2. Bone and joint development
• a. cartilage between bones in movable joints,
  keeps bones from grinding together
• b. soft flexible tissue when you are a baby, as
  you get older it hardens and becomes bone tissue
  as minerals, such as calcium, build up in the bone

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• c. types of joints fixed, slightly moveable,
  and synovial (ball and socket, hinge, gliding,
  pivot, and saddle)
• d. Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones
  become weaker
• e. Arthritis is irritation of the joints,
  painful joints

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Joints
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3. What is your muscular system?

• a. Made up of all your muscles
• b. Movement occurs by contracting the muscle
  (length shortens)
• c. Some muscles stretch across movable joints

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• d. Connection of bone to muscle tendons, bone
  to bone ligaments
• e. Muscles only pull, not push helped by
  working in pairs - ex bicep and tricep
• When one contracts, the other relaxes
• f. muscles you have control over are voluntary
  EX moving your arm to catch a ball, muscles that
  you do not have control over are involuntary
  EX heart beating

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4. Kinds of muscles

• Skeletal muscle muscles that is attached to
  bones, when they contract they pull on bones
  causing bone movement
• Smooth muscle is muscle that forms some
  internal organs, contraction of this type of
  muscles pushes materials through the organ
• Cardiac muscle is muscle that forms the heart

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Musculoskeletal problems

• Osteoporosis - weakening of the bone caused by
  low calcium or lack of weight bearing exercise
• Arthritis - Painful joint inflammation -
  medication and physical therapy
• Osteoarthritis - arthritis caused by aging -
  joint replacement, medication
• Scoliosis - curvature of the spine - exercise or
  a brace
• Sprain (injury to ligaments) vs. strain
  (overstretching and possible torn muscle) - RICE
  (rest, ice, compression and elevation)

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• Muscular Dystrophy - genetic disease leading to
  muscular weakness and sometimes destruction of
  muscle tissue - no cure, physical therapy
• Inguinal hernia - intestine bulges through
  abdominals - surgery
• Muscle cramp - sudden and painful muscle
  contraction - stretch, potassium
• Tendinitis - inflammation of a tendon caused by
  aging or excessive exercise or improper form
  during activity - rest, anti-inflammatory
  medication, avoid overuse
• Shin splints - muscle tearing away from the bone
  - rest, ice, pain meds

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Review Lesson 2

• Review Lesson 2
• What are the 2 main jobs for your skeleton?
• What are the 4 types of bones and give an example
  of each type?
• What is a joint and name one type
• What is the difference between tendons and
  ligaments?
• What is cartilage and where is it found?

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• How do your muscles make your bones move?
• List the 3 kinds of muscles and describe their
  functions.
• Name one problem of the skeletal system and its
  treatment or prevention
• Name one problem of the muscular system and its
  treatment or prevention

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• 1. Hold you upright and protect your organs
• 2. Long (humerus, femur) Short (patella,
  carpals, tarsals) Irregular (pelvis, vertebrae)
  Flat (skull, ribs)
• 3. A joint is where 2 or more bones connect ...
  ball and socket hip and shoulder hinge knee
  and elbow
• 4. Tendons connect muscle to bone and ligaments
  connect bone to bone
• 5. Cartilage is found at the ends of many bones
  and the tips of nose and ears

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• 6. Muscles contract (pull) and because each end
  of the muscle is attached to a different bone, it
  pulls the bones closer together
• 7. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and
  create movement Smooth muscles make up many
  internal organs such as the stomach and
  intestines and help move food through the
  digestive system Cardiac muscle is the muscle
  found in the heart that pushes blood through the
  body

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