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Nutrients

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Carbohydrates Fiber Proteins Lipid Vitamins Minerals – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Nutrients


1
Nutrients
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fiber
  • Proteins
  • Lipid
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals

2
  • To survive the human body needs the nutrients
    found in food. These nutrients are classified
    into six groups carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
    vitamins , minerals, and water. Each plays a
    unique part in maintaining the normal growth and
    functioning of your body. Together, they are
    essential to your overall health and wellness.

3
Carbohydrates
  • Carbohydrates are the starches and sugars present
    in food. Examples of carbohydrates are,
    potatoes, pasta, and bread.
  • Made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen,
    carbohydrates are the bodys preferred source of
    energy, providing 4 calories per gram.
  • Most nutritionist recommend that 55 to 60 percent
    of your daily calories come from carbs, mainly
    complex carbs.

4
Two Types of Carbs
  • Simple Carbohydrates and Complex Carbohydrates
  • Simple Carbs are sugars, such as fructose and
    lactose (found in fruit and milk, respectively).
  • Complex Carbs or, starches, are found in whole
    grains, seeds, nuts, legumes (dried peas and
    beans), and tubers ( root veggies such as
    potatoes). The body must break down complex
    carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates before it
    can use them for energy.

5
Role of Carbohydrates
  • Your body converts all carbohydrates into
    glucose, a simple sugar that is the bodys main
    source of energy.
  • Glucose that your body does not use right away is
    stored in the liver and muscles as a starch like
    substance called glycogen. When more energy is
    needed your body converts the glycogen back to
    glucose. However, it is possible to take in more
    carbohydrates than your body can use right away
    or can store as glycogen. When this happens,
    your body converts and stores the excess
    carbohydrates as body fat.
  • You can avoid consuming excess carbohydrates by
    learning to make informed food choices and
    maintaining healthful habits.

6
Fiber
  • Fiber is an indigestible complex carbohydrate
    that is found in the tough stringy parts of
    vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
  • Eating enough fiber throughout your life may
    promote health by reducing your risk of heart
    disease.
  • To stay healthy, eat 20 to 30 grams of fiber
    each day. Fruits and vegetables with edible
    skins and whole grain products such as bran
    cereals, oatmeal, and brown rice are excellent
    sources of fiber.

7
Proteins
  • Proteins are nutrients that help build and
    maintain body cells and tissues.
  • Proteins are a vital part of every cell in your
    body. They are made up of long chains of
    substances called amino acids.
  • Your body can manufacture all but 9 of the 20
    amino acids that make up proteins. The 9 that
    your body cant make are called essential amino
    acids-you must get them from the foods you eat.

8
Two classifications of proteins
  • Complete proteins and Incomplete proteins
  • Complete proteins contain adequate amounts of all
    nine essential amino acids. Animal products
    such as fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese,
    and yogurt are good sources of protein.
  • Incomplete proteins lack one or more of the
    essential amino acids. Sources include beans,
    peas, nuts, and whole grains. Consuming a
    combination of incomplete proteins, for example,
    rice and beans or peanut butter and bread is
    equivalent to consuming a complete protein.

9
The Role of Proteins
  • The body builds new cells and tissues form the
    amino acids from proteins.
  • Your body replaces damaged or worn out cells by
    making new ones from proteins.
  • The body also uses the proteins to make enzymes,
    hormones, and anti-bodies.
  • Proteins also supply the body with energy,
    although they are not the bodys main energy
    source.

10
Fats
  • Some fat in the diet is necessary for good
    health. Fats are a type of lipid, a fatty
    substance that does not dissolve in water. Fats
    provide more than twice the energy of
    carbohydrates or proteins.
  • The building blocks of fats are called fatty
    acids, molecules make mostly of long chains of
    carbon atoms, with pairs of hydrogen atoms and
    single oxygen atoms attached.

11
Saturated Fatty Acids
  • A saturated fatty acid holds all the hydrogen
    atoms it can. Fats high in saturated fatty acids
    are usually solid at room temperature. Animal
    fats and tropical. i.e. palm oil , palm kernel
    oil, and coconut oil have a high proportion of
    saturated fatty acids. Fats in beef, pork, egg
    yolks, and dairy foods are higher in saturated
    fatty acids.

12
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
  • Most vegetable fats including olive, canola,
    soybean, corn, and cottonseed oils contain a
    high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.
  • An unsaturated fatty acid has at least one
    saturated bond a place where hydrogen can be
    added to the molecule. Unsaturated fats are
    usually liquids (oils) at room temperature.
  • Unsaturated fats have been associated with a
    reduced risk of heart disease.

13
Role of Cholesterol
  • Cholesterol is a waxy lipidlike substance that
    circulates in blood. Your body uses the small
    amount it manufactures to make cell membranes and
    nerve, tissue to produce many hormones,
    membranes, vitamin D, and bile, which helps
    digest fats.
  • Excess blood cholesterol is deposited in
    arteries, including the arteries of the heart.
    This increases risk of heart disease.

14
  • High Cholesterol may be hereditary, and
    cholesterol levels tend to rise as people age.
  • You can reduce your risk of heart disease by
    eating a diet low in saturated fats and
    cholesterol.

15
Vitamins
  • Vitamins are compounds that help regulate many
    vital body processes, including the digestion,
    absorption, and metabolism of other nutrients
  • Vitamins are classified as either water or fat
    soluble.
  • Water soluble are dissolved by water and easily
    pass into the blood stream. While fat soluble
    vitamins are absorbed, stored and transported in
    fat.
  • Examples of water soluble and fat soluble
    vitamins are displayed on pages 119-120.

16
Mineral and Water
  • Minerals are substances that the body cannot
    manufacture but are needed for forming healthy
    bones and teeth and for regulating many vital
    body processes.
  • Water is vital to every body function!! It is
    important to dink a minimum of 8 cups of water
    each day to maintain health.
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