Professor Dr. Jin BQ

1
Human Nutrition

• Professor Dr. Jin BQ
• Food Science Nutrition
• NJNU

2
1 Introduction

• Peoples in different physiological periods
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
• Growth Requirements
• Maintenance
• Labor or action

3
2 Pregnant Nutrition

• 1 Health pregnant women
• 2 Double Requirements for mother-foetus

4
3 Stages of Pregnancy

• Months
  F-Weight MW
  
• The first (early) 1-3
  4mg 0.7-1.4kg
• The second (middle) 4-6 1/MW
  4-5kg
• The third (last) 7-9 5-7/
  MW gt6kg
• BW growing Total
  10-12.5kg in mother
• 
  2-4kg in foetue
• 285d / 3 phases

5
4 Changes of Mother-Physiology

• 4.1 Growth of mothers BW 10-12.5kg in total,
  BMI
• A Uterus-growing
• B Placenta-occurring growing , 10 -13m2
• C Embryo-Foetue Initial BW -3300g, Height-50cm
• 
  4mg, 4-6w 5-7 , 9m

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Embryo Development
7
Mother

• 4.2 The level of Hormones
• Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
• Human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS)
• Estrogens
• Progesterone
• 
  

8

• 4.3 Basic metabolism 15-20
• 4.4 Change of blood system 30-40
• 4.5 Cardiovascular function 40
• 4.6 Gastrointestin function
• 4.7 Renal function 50
• 
  
• Syndrome Anaemia (IDA)
• Gristle
• Leg Dropsy
• Hyperpressure

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5 Mothers Nutritional Requirement

• GE (general energy) from
• 
  in weeks
• CH2O 55-60 0-10,
  50kcal/d
• EE (Fat) 20-25 20-30,
  200kcal/d
• CP (protein) 15-25 Last,
  400kcal/d
• 
  
• Table4-2 DRIs Total,
  80,000kcal/350MJ

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• Early Middle
  Last
• CP 5-10g/d 15g/d
  20g/d
• EE
• CH2O
• Ca / 1000mg/d
  1500mg/d
• Fe / 25mg/d
  35mg/d
• I 175 ?g/d
• FH4 400 ?g/d from 40d
• Table4-2 DRIs

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6 Dietary Direction

• Eating More Fruits for Vitamins Minerals
• Eating More Animal Protein
• Limited E intake For BW control in the last

12
3 Lactation Nutrition

• 1 Health Adult Nursing Mother
• 2 Combining Mother-Infant
• Both Requirement
• Maintenance
• Lactating

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3 Parturition of Physiological Changes

• Nutritional storage for milk secretion
• Mammary gland development for Lactation
• Birth canal preparation
• Postpartum
• Nerve-Hormones Prolactin, Oxytocin
• Parturition???????????????
• ???????

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Status Changes at moment

• ???????
• ?????,?????????
• ??????
• ???? ?-????
• ????
• ????,??????
• ????,?? Suppl.

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4 Colostrum

• 1-7d
• Typicality????????,?????
• Ingredients
• High protein and immu-globinIgA,IgM, lactoferrin
  and others, increasing anti-ill in infant
• Rich in Vitamins and Minerals
• High Mg, ??????,??????
• High Fe, 10 over than milk
• High Na , Cl-, K ---
• Low Lactose

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5 Milk

• Secretion quantity 1d--- 50ml
• 
  2-14d---100-500ml/d
• 
  15d-6m---750-850ml/d
• after 6m---
  400-600ml/d
• After 8-14 days
• The change of ingredients
• in milk compared to Colostrum

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• Typicality White, sweat
• Ingredients 87.6 H2O
• Low energy
• 7 Lactose (H)
• Mostly albumin
• Low Fe (no enough to infants)
• Vitamins level with
• food
  changing

18
Milk Curve
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6 Mothers Nutritional Requirement

• GE from Diet Total 2900kcal/d
• 
  12.1MJ/d
• Mothers maintain 2100kcal/d 8.8MJ
  
• Body fatty deliver 62kcal/d 0.3MJ
• Nursing 738kcal/d
  3.1MJ
• Higher than pregnancy

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• Basic Lactating
  Total
• CP 70-75g/d 20-30g/d
  90-110g/d
• EE 20
• CH2O
• Ca
  8004001200mg/d
• Fe 25mg/d
• Zn 10mg/d
• I 200?g/d
• Se 65?g/d

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Vitamins

• Vit. A Increase of milk with intake of mother
• 800?g 400?g 1200?g /d.p
• Vit. D Low in milk because of not in milk duct
• gland from blood of mother
• Vit. C Increase from5mg/dl to 8 mg/dl
• 100mg 40mg 140 mg /d.p
• Vit. B1 Increase, 0. 02mg/dl, RDA2.1mg
• Vit. B2 Increase, 0.03mg/dl, RDA2.1mg
• Niacin Increase, 0.62mg/dl, RDA21mg
• FH4 Increase, 50-60?g /dl, RDA270?g

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7 GE in Milk for Infant

• CP 5
• Lactose 38
• Milk Fat gt50

???Prot.Carb.Fat 53855
23
8 Dietary Direction for mother

• Intake more Vit. minerals from fruits
• Intake more better protein from animal foods
• Intake more amount nutrients than normal