Professor Dr. Jin BQ

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Vitamin

• Professor Dr. Jin BQ
• Department of Food Science Nutrition
• NJNU

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Introduction

• Small molecule organic compounds
• From Foods
• No composition in body
• No supplying energy
• Joining metabolism

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Name

• According to the finding history, A B C D----
• According to its physiological action, Soluble
• According to its chemical structure

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Classification

• Lipid-solution A, D, E, K
• Liquid-solution Bcom, C, choline

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• Vitamin Deficiency
  
• 1 Reasons Lower supply from food
• Lower absorption in gut
• Requirement increase in crowds
• Others
• 2 Deficiency Clinic or Original
• Marginal
  Secondary
• Cooperation Assisting
• Anti-assisting
  

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Typicality

• Coenzyme/cofactor/adjuvant
• Destroyed easily
• Lipid-vitamin is easy to store in body-toxin
• Liquid-vitamin is rich in foods, and easy to
  excreted

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Vit. A, Retinol
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• Typicality
• Absorption metabolism
• Function 6 kinds
• 1 Vision visual yellow, dark adaptation
• 2 Epithelial growing cell developing
• 3 Improving immune
• 4 Anti-oxidation anti-cancer
• Deficiency Night blindness
• Epithelial hurting
  Delaying growth

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RNI Food Source

• RE 800ug/700ug
• Ul/Vit.A 3000ug/d (2250 IU)
• In animal foods, such as liver, yolk, fish oil
• In vegetables, such as ß-carotene
• Toxicity half-life 128-154d/in body

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Vit. D, Cholecaliferol
1,25-(OH)2 Vit D D3 cholecalciferol D2
ergocalciferol
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• Typicality
  Absorption metabolism
• Function 5 kinds
• 1 Adjusting Ca absorption re-absorption
• 2 Maintaining Ca balance in blood
• 4 Assisting Ca deposit in bone or tooth
• 5 Anti-oxidation
• Deficiency Bone loss/osteoporosis
• Rhachitis
• Gristle
• Convulsion

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RNI Food Source

• RNI 5-10ug/d (300-400IU)
• UL 20 ug /d
• Rich in liver, yolk, fish oil and so on
• D transfering in skin
• Toxicity the same as A
• Ratio AD 8-101

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Vit.E, Tocopherol (aß?d)
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• History 1922 got it from malt oil,
• Chemist ???in US, named
  Tocopherol
• Typicality
• Absorption metabolism
• Function 5kinds
• 1 Anti-oxidation / GSH-Px
• 2 For RBC
• 4 For DNA, CoQ
• 5 For reproductivity

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• Deficiency ESe, ????????
• Effects Gossypol, microelements
• RNI 10-12 mg/d
• Rich in vegetable oil, nuts, meat, egg, milk
• Toxicity gt400mg/d

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Phylloquinone, Vit.K
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• Typicality K1, K2, , yellow
• Absorption metabolism
• Function ??????????????
• 1 Coagulating
• 2 Anti-oxidation
• 3 Hormone-similar, increasing T3/T4
• 4 Improving gastr-intestine movement
• RDA 65-80mg, UL500mg

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Vit. B Family
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Thiamine, B1
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• 1897 found by Dr. Eijkman, 1936 realized its
  structure
• Typicality White crystal
  Absorption metabolism
• By 80TPP, 10TTP, TMP
• 25-30mg total in body, 50 in muscle
• Function
• 1 Coenzymes
• 2 For Energy Metabolism, ATP
• 4 For AA---COO-
• 5 For Nerves transfer---choline
• Exhausted1mg /d, 2-3w used at all
• Deficiency Beriberi, Aneurin
• RNI1.3-1.4mg/d, UL50mg/d

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Riboflavin, Vit.B2
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• Typicality Orange crystal
• Absorption metabolism
• Function
• 1 Coenzymes FMN-FAD-flavoprotein
• 2 Energy Metabolism B1B2B6 PP synthesis
• 3 Fe absorbing
• 4 Anti-oxidation GSSG
• Exhausted 60-80d
• Deficiency Dermatitis
• RNI 1.2-1.4mg/d
• Good sources Yolk, meat, cereals, green
  vegetables

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Niacin, Nicotinic Acid, Vit.PP, B3
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• History18 centry, found a disease in Italy,
  pellagra
• 1912 Funk found a Vit could
  cure it
• 1926 yeast cured it
• 1937 named it,pellagra
  preventive factor,PP
• Typicality White crystal
  
• Absorption metabolism Small intestine liver
• Typicality White crystal
  
• Absorption metabolism Small intestine liver

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• Function
  
• 1 Coenzymes NAD, NADP
• 2 For insulin, GTF-glucose tolerance factor
  (25mg/kg/d)
• 3 For protein and fat synthesis
• 
  
• Deficiency Pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea,
  dementia
• RNI13-14mg/d, UL 35mg/d
• Good sources Liver, cereals, green vegetables

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Vit. B6

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• 1926 found dermatitis in rats when its deficiency
  
• 1934 found and named by Prof. Snell Gyorgy ???
• 1938 Prof. Gyorgy got crystal B6 and knew its
  structure
• 1939 man-made
• Typicality White crystal
  
• Absorption metabolism Small intestine
• 
  75-80 in muscle
• Function
  
• 1 Coenzymes gt 100
• 2 Nerve system, -CH3
• 3 EM
• Deficiency
  
• AI 1.2mg/d
  
• Good sources white meat

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Folic Acid
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• 1943 found by Lederle
  
• Typicality Yellow crystal
• Absorption metabolism Small intestine, 50
• Function (H4F)
  
• 1 hemoglobin-RBC
• 2 nerve development
• 3 CH3
• Deficiency
  
• RNI 400ug/d, UL 1000ug/d
  
• Good sources fruits, green vegetables, nuts,
  beans, egg, meat

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Vit.B12

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• History 1926 found by Minot and Murphy
• 1934 ????????????
• 1948 divided into B12 in US
• 1956 Hodgkin X?? its structure
• 1964 ???????
• 1972 man-made by Woodward
• Typicality dark red crystal
• Absorption metabolism link inn-factor
  

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• Function
• 1 For RBC
• 2 For nerve development
• 3 For cofactors, CH3-
• Deficiency
• RDA
• Good sources fruits, green vegetables, nuts,
  beans, egg, meat

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Ascorbic Acid, Vit.C

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• 1928-1932 found
• Typicality White crystal
  
• Absorption metabolism
  
• Function
  
• 1 Coenzymes
• 2 Fe absorbing
• 3 Anti-oxidation
• 4 Improving immune
• Deficiency Scurve, perifollicuar hemorrhage
  
• RNI 100mg/d, UL lt1000mg/d
• Good sources fruits, green vegetables, nuts,
  beans, egg, meat

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Vitamins percent from Foods in UK