(3.3) Single Displacement Reactions

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(3.3) Single Displacement Reactions
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Single Displacement Reactions

• when an element takes the place of another
  element that is in a compound
• could be a metal replacing a metal or a non-metal
  replacing a non-metal
• general formula
• A BC ? AC B (A and B are metals)
• A BC ? BA C (A and C are nonmetals)?
• ?

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Example 1 (metals)

• Cu(s) 2AgNO3(aq) ? Cu(NO3)2(aq) Ag(s)
• this reaction does not go in reverse! Why cant
  Ag replace Cu? It is because of the reactivity
  of the metals.
• we have an activity series to help us predict
  what will react with what.
• the Activity Series is a list of elements that
  is organized according to their chemical
  reactivity.

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Activity Series for Metals (pg. 126, fig. 3)

• Lithium
• Potassium
• Calcium
• Sodium
• Magnesium
• Aluminum
• Zinc
• Chromium
• Iron
• Nickel
• Tin
• Lead
• Hydrogen
• Copper
• Mercury
• Silver
• Platinum
• Gold

Most reactive
Least reactive
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Example 2 (metals)

• Use the activity series to predict if the
  following single displacement reaction occurs
• Al(s) NiBr3(aq) ?__________
• Write the balanced chemical equation

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Hydrogen???

• notice that hydrogen is on the activity series
  and it is not a metal!
• hydrogen may be displaced from most acids by all
  metals above it
• hydrogen may only be displaced from water (at
  room temp.) by those above magnesium

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Example 3 (hydrogen)

• Use the activity series to predict if the
  following single displacement reaction occurs
• Ag(s) HBr(aq) ?__________
• Write the balanced chemical equation, if reaction
  occurs

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Example 4 (hydrogen)

• Use the activity series to predict if the
  following single displacement reaction occurs
• K(s) H2O(l) ?__________
• Write the balanced chemical equation, if reaction
  occurs

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Example 5 (halogens)

• the ion of a non-metal is negatively charged, so
  it can be replaced with only another non-metal.
• F2(g) 2NaI(s) ? I2 (s) 2NaF (s)
• there is a separate activity series for halogens

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Activity Series for halogens(pg. 127, fig. 4)
Most reactive

• fluorine
• chlorine
• bromine
• iodine

Least reactive
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Example 6 (halogens)

• Use the activity series to predict if the
  following single displacement reaction occurs
• Br2(g) NaCl(aq) ?__________
• Write the balanced chemical equation, if it does
  occur